Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Pepling, Melissa E.; Wilhelm, James E.; O'Hara, Ashley L.; Gephardt, Grant William; Spradling, Allan C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0609923104

Cited by 209 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The study of Cox and Spralding indicates that during Drosophila oogenesis, follicular cells are a source of mitochondria, which enter the oocyte cytoplasm via the ''ring canal'' to form the Balbiani body, thereby supplying virtually all of the mitochondria of the oocyte (Cox and Spradling, 2003;Pepling et al, 2007).…”

Section: Balbiani Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Stem Cell Niche and Follicular Renewal in Mammals

Bukovský

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Stem cell niche consists of perivascular compartment, which connects the stem cells to the immune and vascular systems. During embryonic period, extragonadal primordial germ cells colonize coelomic epithelium of developing gonads. Subsequently, ovarian stem cells (OSC) produce secondary germ cells under the influence of OSC niche, including immune system-related cells and hormonal signaling. The OSC in fetal and adult human ovaries serve as a source of germ and granulosa cells. Lack of either granulosa or germ cell niche will result in premature ovarian failure in spite of the presence of OSC. During perinatal period, the OSC transdifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells forming the ovarian tunica albuginea resistant to environmental threats. They represent mesenchymal precursors of epithelial OSC during adulthood. The follicular renewal during the prime reproductive period (PRP) ensures that there are fresh eggs available for a healthy progeny. End of PRP is followed by exponentially growing fetal genetic abnormalities. The OSC are present in adult, aging, and postmenopausal ovaries, and differentiate in vitro into new oocytes. During in vitro development of large isolated oocytes reaching 200 lm in diameter, an ancestral mechanism of premeiotic nurse cells, which operates during oogenesis in developing ovaries from invertebrates to mammalian species, is utilized. In vitro developed eggs could be used for autologous IVF treatment of premature ovarian failure. Such eggs are also capable to produce parthenogenetic embryos like some cultured follicular oocytes. The parthenotes produce embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass, and these cells can serve as autologous pluripotent stem cells. Anat Rec, 294:1284Rec, 294: -1306Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Balbiani Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Stem Cell Niche and Follicular Renewal in Mammals

Bukovský

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Xenopus oocytes, mRNA pulldown experiments have revealed that CPEB-1 specifically interacts with a number of P-body protein components, such as Rck/p54, Pat1, RAP55B, 4E-T, and an EIF4Eb protein (Minshall et al, 2007), and RAP55 was found to be localized to cytoplasmic foci (Tanaka et al, 2006). In the mouse, RAP55, Rck/p54, and CPEB-1 are also expressed in oocytes, but whether these protein indeed interact or form visible P-body-like foci has not been determined (Matsumoto et al, 2005;Racki and Richter, 2006;Pepling et al, 2007).Recently, small noncoding RNAs (miRNAs, endogenous siRNAs, and piRNAs) were also identified in mouse oocytes (Watanabe et al, 2008;Tam et al, 2008). Because the link between P-bodies and RNA interference (RNAi) silencing has been well documented in somatic cells Sen and Blau, 2005;Jakymiw et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005b), this further suggested that mouse oocytes may also have similar RNA granules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dcp1-Bodies in Mouse Oocytes

Swetloff

Conne

Huarte

et al. 2009

MBoC

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Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic granules involved in the storage and degradation of mRNAs. In somatic cells, their formation involves miRNA-mediated mRNA silencing. Many P-body protein components are also found in germ cell granules, such as in mammalian spermatocytes. In fully grown mammalian oocytes, where changes in gene expression depend entirely on translational control, RNA granules have not as yet been characterized. Here we show the presence of P-body-like foci in mouse oocytes, as revealed by the presence of Dcp1a and the colocalization of RNAassociated protein 55 (RAP55) and the DEAD box RNA helicase Rck/p54, two proteins associated with P-bodies and translational control. These P-body-like structures have been called Dcp1-bodies and in meiotically arrested primary oocytes, two types can be distinguished based on their size. They also have different protein partners and sensitivities to the depletion of endogenous siRNA/miRNA and translational inhibitors. However, both type progressively disappear during in vitro meiotic maturation and are virtually absent in metaphase II-arrested secondary oocytes. Moreover, this disassembly of hDcp1a-bodies is concomitant with the posttranslational modification of EGFP-hDcp1a. INTRODUCTIONGene expression flows from DNA to protein using mRNA as an intermediate. Transcripts can either be used immediately as template for protein synthesis or translationally silenced and stored for later translation. A subset of silenced mRNAs is packaged into microscopically visible RNP granules that lack a limiting lipid membrane (Kedersha and Anderson, 2007). In mammals, processing bodies (P-bodies) RNA granules are present in a broad range of somatic cell types, including highly specialized cells such as neurons. Initially, P-bodies were discovered as 5Ј-3Ј mRNA decay centers in mammalian somatic cells (Bashkirov et al., 1997;Eystathioy et al., 2003;Cougot et al., 2004), and were found to be conserved in yeast (Sheth and Parker, 2003); because of the systematic localization of the decapping protein Dcp1a in P-bodies, they were also called Dcp1-bodies. Subsequently, P-bodies were shown to be involved in mRNA surveillance (Chen and Shyu, 2003;Couttet and Grange, 2004), RNAmediated silencing (Rehwinkel et al., 2005;Jakymiw et al., 2005;Liu et al., 2005a), and translational control Liu et al., 2005b;Bhattacharyya et al., 2006b).A role for P-bodies in translational control was first highlighted in yeast cells. It was shown that the entry of an mRNA into P-bodies does not automatically lead to its degradation: upon glucose starvation mRNAs can be temporarily stored in P-bodies, which increase in size and number, and then exit the foci upon refeeding to reenter polysomes (Brengues et al., 2005). In mammals, this reversibility of mRNA localization has been observed for miRNA-mediated mRNA repression in Huh7 cells (Pillai, 2005;Pillai et al., 2005;Bhattacharyya et al., 2006a). Although such a shuttling of mRNAs between polysomes and P-bodies has not been described for other mecha...

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“…Ironically, the BB was first described in the human oocyte 50 years ago [2], and yet its importance with respect to teasing apart functional relevance during aging in the human ovary was far more recent [3]. And for once, we can safely conclude that something in science (certainly well within the realm of reproductive biology) awaited the rediscovery of the BB in mice [4]. So why the big deal about the BB?…”

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confidence: 99%

Why the way we look at things in reproductive medicine is changing

Albertini

2017

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Perceptions in biology and medicine have landed squarely in a high-resolution landscape that seemingly has few boundaries. Progress in biomedical imaging and molecular diagnostics has taken us beyond observational constraints of the photograph or ultrasound readout in probing the inner workings of cells and tissues that make up the reproductive tract. With archival force, the imaging tools and their perceptual alignment with disciplines of molecular biology, high-speed data processing, and bioinformatics converge into a new reality of biological systems prompting a new set of questions within which our understanding of basic reproductive events must be reinterpreted. One need not look far beyond the recent set of publications on gene editing in human embryos (see below) to contemplate how our protocols and methods in human ARTs will be modified to accommodate the insights and discoveries looming on the horizon. And beware, embryologists-imagining a world of standardization and automation is not so farfetched given the advances in bioengineering and microfluidics entering other diagnostic and treatment programs.Observational and original investigative rigor in past years was measured by guess work, intuition honed by experience (repeating experiments), and technological bravado yielding the data at hand. Much of that data was visualizable and relatable to tangible tidbits of information. A case in point is the chromosome.Since the days of electron microscopy, chromosomes in eukaryotes have evolved in substance and form as the limits of optical resolution have been surpassed using microscopes capable of integrating massive data sets in four dimensions, allowing mapping of gene interactions with the spatial precision of GPS. With this perspective obtains a very different view of the chromosome. Now we speak of gene bodies, chromatin territories, physical dynamism leaving in the dust remnants of conventional wisdom overshadowed by epigenetics. Has reproductive medicine adapted to changes in thinking about the organization and function of eukaryotic genomes? I think not.Looking beyond core chromatin structure in these days of CrisprCas9 evokes satisfaction and wonderment. Satisfaction from perceptions formed decades ago such that traditional technologies withstand the test of time, at least in some instances (yes, the nucleosome still merits attention). Wonderment at how the complexity and diversity of RNAs now dwarfs our old gene-mRNA-protein oneness mindset. So where should we aim our curiosity in reproductive medicine if we are truly intent on deepening our understanding in human biology? Are we seeing more? Or less? We continue the search for the ideal gamete or embryo-those presaging the birth of a healthy child-but is our approach becoming more inferential and less visible in the literal sense?A humble attempt to address such an irony is presented on our cover this month. Little known to most, but engrained into the roots of oology-oocyte cytology to be exact, is a structure common to the oocytes of nearly all ...

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Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Cited by 209 publications

References 71 publications

Ovarian Stem Cell Niche and Follicular Renewal in Mammals

Ovarian Stem Cell Niche and Follicular Renewal in Mammals

Dcp1-Bodies in Mouse Oocytes

Why the way we look at things in reproductive medicine is changing

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