Mouse Models for Studying Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a term used to describe kidney damage cause by diabetes. With DN as one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide, there is a strong need for appropriate animal models to study DN pathogenesis and develop therapeutic strategies. To date, most experiments are carried out in mouse models as opposed to other species for several reasons including lower cost, ease of handling, and easy manipulation of the mouse genome to generate transgenic and knockout animals. This unit provides detailed insights and technical knowledge in setting up one of the most widely used models of DN, the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model. This model has been extensively exploited to study the mechanism of diabetic renal injury. The advantages and limitations of the STZ model and the availability of other genetic models of DN are also discussed.

A novel formula from mulberry leaf ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibiting the TGF-β1 pathway

“…12,13 Mulberry leaf blocks hyperglycemia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic patients complete through pleiotropic pathways, one of which shows characteristics of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that remarkably improves postprandial glucose response. 16 In general, the hyperglycemia is firstly induced which lead to the chronic kidney disease with long-term breed. 6 Moreover, the protection of pancreatic islet cells and improvement of insulin resistance partly contribute to the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf.…”

<p>Panax Notoginseng Ameliorates Podocyte EMT by Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats</p>

“…43 STZ selectively leads to damage to the insulin-producing βcells in the pancreas. Destruction to these cells causes insulin deficiency and impairs normal glucose metabolism, 44 which similar to human type 1 diabetes progresses in DN. We will use the type 2 diabetes model to further investigate the protective effects of PN in future studies.…”

Mouse Models of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Kidney Disease

“…One method of inducing diabetes using a wild-type animal is by administering streptozotocin (STZ), a pharmacological agent that induces beta cell destruction by intracellular alkylation of DNA and subsequent beta cell necrosis [20–22]. There is variability in the timing, dosage and frequency of STZ injections and different protocols can be employed to mimic T1D or T2D in a variety of species/strains [20,23–25]. The mouse model utilising five doses of STZ at low dose (50–60 mg/kg/day) has been extensively used to mimic T1D due to the progression destruction of beta cell mass [20].…”