Mouse mast cell protease-1 is required for the enteropathy induced by gastrointestinal helminth infection in the mouse

Mouse Mast Cell Tryptase mMCP-6 Is a Critical Link between Adaptive and Innate Immunity in the Chronic Phase ofTrichinella spiralisInfection

“…The MMC subset undergoes massive hyperplasia in the infected intestinal mucosa, while the CTMC population remains sparse and located predominantly in the intestinal serosal region. Mechanistically, mast cells have been shown to participate in intestinal expulsion of Trichinella by elaboration of the chymase mMCP-1 (26,27). This observation was consistent with the functional importance of the expanded MMC subpopulation in this tissue in the initial responses to this early stage of T. spiralis infection.…”

Immunomodulatory mast cells: negative, as well as positive, regulators of immunity

“…Some of the positive immunomodulatory functions of mast cells that have been proposed based on in vitro studies have been confirmed in vivo using mast cell knock-in mice 1,54,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] or in mice lacking specific mast-cell-associated proteases [26][27][28][32][33][34] or lacking specific protease enzymatic activity 11 (Table 1 ). In many of these studies, the end points assessed included the recruitment of particular immune cells, such as granulocytes 28,32,33,[57][58][59][60][61]63,64,[67][68][69][70] , DCs 62,64,65,71 or various subpopulations of lymphocytes 64,67,70,72 .…”

“…If that mediator is selectively expressed by mast cells, and if its deletion does not significantly influence the expression of other mastcell products, then it is possible to draw conclusions about the role of that mast-cell product in vivo. For example, mice that lack mouse mast-cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) [26][27][28] , mMCP-4 29,30 , mMCP-6 [31][32][33] , or mouse mast cell-carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA) 34 , or that have a mutated mMC-CPA that essentially lacks enzymatic activity 11 , have been used to analyze whether the absence of these proteases (or their enzymatic activity) influences other aspects of the mast-cell phenotype, such as content of other stored mediators, as well as to define the functions of such mast-cell-associated proteases in vivo.…”

“…In many of these studies, the end points assessed included the recruitment of particular immune cells, such as granulocytes 28,32,33,[57][58][59][60][61]63,64,[67][68][69][70] , DCs 62,64,65,71 or various subpopulations of lymphocytes 64,67,70,72 . Many of these studies also demonstrated that the lack of mast cells 54,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]67,69,70 or a specific mast-cell product 28,32,33,54,60,63,67,68,70 also reduced the pathology associated with the immune response or impaired its effectiveness in promoting host resistance to infection.…”

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

“…179 Mast cells on the other hand contribute to worm expulsion through the release of various proteases that serve to loosen tight junctions between epithelial cells, thus aiding in the shedding of embedded worms, notably during T. spiralis infection. [180][181][182] However, mast cells appear to be unessential for the expulsion of N. brasiliensis infection, [183][184][185] illustrating the context-specific nature of these responses. Goblet cells also secrete several molecules in addition to mucins that contribute to expulsion.…”