Mouse Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Family Heavy Chain-Related Protein is an Acute Phase Protein Induced by Inflammation

Abstract

The mouse counterpart of the human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein (IHRP), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein, was partially purified from mouse serum through Western blot analysis using anti-human IHRP antibody. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence was then determined, and the cDNA clone encoding mouse IHRP was isolated and characterized. The mouse IHRP amino-terminal amino acid sequence matched the predicted sequence from the cDNA, and has high homology compared with human and pig IHRP. Furthermore, the whole mouse IHRP amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA nucleotide sequence showed reasonable homology to that of both human and pig IHRP. Mouse IHRP expression was induced by treatment with typical inflammation-inducing compounds, such as turpentine and lipopolysaccharide.

Preclinical Alterations in the Serum of COL(IV)A3–/– Mice as Early Biomarkers of Alport Syndrome

“…The identified alteration might be compatible with both an increased expression during the APR and an increased release from altered ECM in the injured renal cortex. Hc3 and 4 are well-known positive APPs in several species, including mice (e.g., refs , , and − ), and are found here to be increased in later stages. In contrast, both the lc and hc2 identified by us are known to be negative APPs in rats and man. , Thus, the increase in these chains may reflect their release from renal ECM upon remodeling.…”

“…In blood, all variants of interalpha-trypsin inhibitor consist of a light chain (lc, bikunin) and one or two heavy chains (hc) . Because several forms of interalpha-trypsin inhibitor are considered as BM in several diseases (e.g., refs − ), the protein family seems not to be specific for AS; however, the components identified by us (hc1 and hc2) form one special type because they coelute within our prefractionation matrix. Moreover, all three components decline in a synergistic way upon Ramipril therapy in identical subfractions.…”

Citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in arthritic joints and its potential effect in the neutrophil migration

“…Inter-alpha-trypsin-inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) is a protein of 120 kD, first discovered in murine and human plasma, named after its homology to other ITIH family proteins [20,21]. It is mainly synthesized within and secreted from the liver and its expression is up-regulated due to acute inflammation [22,23]. In humans, the suppressive effect of phagocytosis in neutrophils has been reported [24], but details of the mechanism are scarce.…”