Mounting Challenges to Governance in China: Surveying Collective Protestors, Religious Sects and Criminal Organizations

Chung, Jae Ho; Lai, Hongyi; Xia, Ming

doi:10.2307/20066184

Cited by 63 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Some religious groups have faced crack downs, being labelled as 'evil cults' (Tong 2009;Thornton 2010). More severe religious conflicts and even break outs of violence have occurred in many parts of the country (Chung et al 2006;Kung 2006).…”

Section: Religious Restrictions In Contemporary China and Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Foundations of Religious Restrictions in Contemporary China

Tao

2017

Religions

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Abstract:The ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) abolished its total ban on religious activities in 1982. However, the distrust that the CCP feels for religions remains obvious today, and the religious restrictions in contemporary China remain tight. Conventional wisdom tells us that the official atheist ideology of Marxism-Leninism is the main reason behind the CCP's distrust for, and restriction of, religion. However, taking a historical institutionalist perspective, this paper argues that the religious restrictions in contemporary China are in fact rooted in the fierce political struggles of the country's two major revolutions in the first half of the twentieth century. Without the support of religious groups, the Nationalist Republicans would have found it difficult to survive and succeed in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty during the Chinese Republican Revolution in the first decade of the twentieth century. Likewise, without cooperating with a wide range of religious groups, the CCP would have struggled to defeat the Nationalist regime and the Japanese invaders in the Chinese Communist Revolution between 1920s and 1940s. Thanks to the collaborations and struggles with various religious groups during the two revolutions which lead to its eventual ascent to power, the CCP thoroughly understands the organisational strength and mobilising capability embedded within religious groups. The tight restrictions on religious affairs in contemporary China is therefore likely to stem from the CCP's worry that prospective competitors could mobilise religious groups to challenge its rule through launching, supporting, or sponsoring collective actions.

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Section: Religious Restrictions In Contemporary China and Their Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Foundations of Religious Restrictions in Contemporary China

Tao

2017

Religions

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“…Significant contributions have documented historic waves of social unrest in specific regions, including strike waves in Shanghai (Perry 1994(Perry , 1995, peasant uprisings in Huaibei (Perry 1980) and the lower Yangzi region (Bernhardt 1992), and incidents of labor unrest in contemporary China's northeastern rustbelt (Lee 2000). Yet students of collective action in China have only recently begun to pay particular attention to the geographic pattern of social unrest, noting, for example, important differences between the grievances and forms of collective action framed by laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises located in different cities (Hurst 2004), and the unequal distribution of recent collective public security incidents among China's provinces (Tanner 2004, Chung et al 2006.…”

Section: Pm Thorntonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently released statistics indicate a 10-fold rise in 'collective public security incidents' between 1993 and 2005. More recent events appear to involve larger numbers of participants over longer durations and are manifestly better organized than the earlier episodes (Chung et al 2006). Newspaper reports suggest that the number of mass incidents has risen again to 127,000 -or nearly 326 per day -in 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mapping dynamic events: popular contention in China over space and time

Thornton

2012

Annals of GIS

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Students of popular contention have long observed that social unrest mimics the forces of nature, likening it to a 'prairie fire' or observing a 'snowball effect' of strikes and work stoppages. Yet little is known or understood either about how unrest spreads across space over time or regional susceptibility to unrest. To test whether such metaphorical references may have empirical grounding, this project links historical data on two documented waves of social unrest during the Republican and Reform (1978 to present) eras in Chinese history to static geographic information system maps, using ArcGIS Tracking Analyst. Building upon the hierarchical regional space model and G.W. Skinner's work on macroregions in China, I test three hypotheses regarding the concentration and spread of contentious events within two macroregions during two 3-year waves of unrest in modern Chinese history. The use of animated data layers to capture and record dynamic events over time and space can help to determine whether patterns of unrest clustering and diffusion remain stable over time and to test whether spatial knots of 'ungovernability' -long a feature of Chinese bureaucratic lore -persist in the People's Republic, despite changes in regime type, economic fluctuations, and the passage of time.

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“…Even in the short term, the way that growth had been attained had resulted in increasing economic polarity the separation of economic activity from the social base of society; as the economy grew, so did the number of officially recorded mass demonstrations (Chung et al, 2006). In 2004, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) central committee came up with a rather damning assessment of the party's own ruling capacity (zhizheng nengli 执政能力) (Central Committee, 2004).…”

Section: China's Response: Dealing With Declining Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis

2012

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The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) is the most serious economic crisis since the Great Depression. Many books have explored its causes, but this book systematically explores its consequences. The focus is primarily on the policy and political consequences of the GFC. This book asks how governments responded to the challenge and what the political consequences of the combination of the GFC itself and policy responses to it have been. Based on workshops held in the United States and the United Kingdom, it brings together leading academics to consider the divergent ways in which particular countries have responded in different ways to the crisis, including China, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Part of what is happening is a structural shift in economic power from east to west, but China has its fragilities while Germany offers an example of a largely successful Western model. The book also assesses attempts to develop global economic governance and to reform financial regulation and looks critically at the role of credit rating agencies. Unlike earlier crises, no new paradigm has emerged to challenge existing ways of thinking, meaning that neoliberalism has emerged relatively unscathed. The crisis has lacked a coherent and innovative intellectual response and has been characterized by remarkable policy stability.

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Mounting Challenges to Governance in China: Surveying Collective Protestors, Religious Sects and Criminal Organizations

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

The Historical Foundations of Religious Restrictions in Contemporary China

The Historical Foundations of Religious Restrictions in Contemporary China

Mapping dynamic events: popular contention in China over space and time

The Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis

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