Mountain lion depredation in southern Brazil

Mazzolli, Marcelo; Graipel, Maurício Eduardo; Dunstone, Nigel

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00178-1

Cited by 110 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Neotropical cats, mostly jaguars Panthera onca, have been reported to kill livestock throughout South and Central America where they co-occur in close proximity (Schaller & Crawshaw, 1980;Mondolfi & Hoogesteijn, 1986;Rabinowitz, 1986;Quigley & Crawshaw, 1992;Crawshaw, 1995;S´aenz & Carrilo, 2002;Conforti & de Azevedo, 2003;Polisar et al, 2003). Pumas Puma concolor, are also blamed for monetary losses due to depredation on livestock (Y´a˜nez et al, 1986;Iriarte, Johnson & Franklin, 1991;Cunningham et al, 1995;Mazzolli, Graipel & Dunstone, 2002;Conforti & de Azevedo, 2003;Polisar et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock

Michalski

Boulhosa

Faria

et al. 2006

Animal Conservation

228

182

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Most large carnivore species are in global decline. Conflicts with people, particularly over depredation on small and large livestock, is one of the major causes of this decline. Along tropical deforestation frontiers, large felids often shift from natural to livestock prey because of their increased proximity to human agriculture, thus increasing the likelihood of conflicts with humans. On the basis of data from 236 cattle ranches, we describe levels of depredation by jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor on bovine herd stocks and examine the effects of both landscape structure and cattle management on the spatial patterns and levels of predation in a highly fragmented forest landscape of southern Brazilian Amazonia. Generalized linear models showed that landscape variables, including proportion of forest area remaining and distance to the nearest riparian forest corridor, were key positive and negative determinants of predation events, respectively. We detected clear peaks of depredation during the peak calving period at the end of the dry season. Bovine herd size and proportion of forest area had positive effects on predation rates in 60 cattle ranches investigated in more detail. On the other hand, distance from the nearest riparian forest corridor was negatively correlated with the number of cattle predated. The mean proportion of cattle lost to large felids in 24 months for the region varied according to the herd class size (o500: 0.82%; 500-1500: 1.24%; 41500: 0.26%) but was never greater than 1.24%. The highest annual monetary costs were detected in large cattle ranches (41500 head of cattle), reaching US$ 885.40. Patterns of depredation can be explained by a combination of landscape and livestock management variables such as proportion of forest area, distance to the nearest riparian corridor, annual calving peak and bovine herd size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock

Michalski

Boulhosa

Faria

et al. 2006

Animal Conservation

228

182

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“…A 'reason' frequently given for the co-occurrence of multiple wildlife species being found together in nature is for predator protection (Fitzgibbon, 1990). Overall, coyotes appear to pose the most serious threat to sheep in the United States of America (Blejwas et al, 2002), although other predators can be major threats in other parts of the world (Mazzolli et al, 2002). For canine predators, principally coyotes, guard dogs and electric fences have proven effective (Hulet et al, 1987b).…”

Section: Challenges With Mixed-species Stockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing livestock using animal behavior: mixed-species stocking and flerds

Anderson

Fredrickson

Estell

2012

Animal

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Mixed-species stocking can foster sound landscape management while offering economic and ecological advantages compared with mono-species stocking. Producers contemplating a mixed-species enterprise should reflect on several considerations before implementing this animal management strategy. Factors applicable to a particular producer's landscape must be considered together with goals and economic constraints before implementing mixed-species stocking. A major consideration when using mixed-species stocking is how to deal with predation losses, especially among small ruminants. An approach being adopted in some commercial operations capitalizes on using innate animal behaviors to form cohesive groups of two or more livestock species that consistently remain together under free-ranging conditions. These groups are referred to as flerds. The mixing of a flock of sheep and/or goats with a herd of cattle into a flerd has been shown to protect sheep and goats from coyote predation, as well as offering other husbandry advantages. Some of the added advantages include more efficient conversion of forage into animal protein. Creation of flerds, their maintenance and advantages are discussed.Keywords: livestock, bonding, predation, animal behavior ImplicationsThe simultaneous stocking of cattle, sheep and/or goats, especially on landscapes having a heterogeneous mixture of plant species, have positive ecological and economic advantages compared with mono-species stocking. However, predation of small ruminants, especially from canines, can inflict major economic losses, thus eliminating the benefits of mixed-species stocking. Modifying small ruminant behavior so that they consistently remain in the presence of cattle can reduce or eliminate death losses of small ruminants while providing other husbandry advantages. Bonding small ruminants to cattle to form flerds is an option worth considering in lieu of traditionally managed flocks and herds. The objective of this manuscript was to briefly review some of the background of mixed-species stocking with a focus on the benefits of using animal behavior to manage mixedspecies livestock groups, especially where fulltime herders are not used. IntroductionDifferent herbivore species have foraged together since herbivory began. Foraging is a spatial-temporal animal process composed of a series of sequential bites among forage plants (Laca, 2009). The sum of these bites impact the landscape either positively or negatively and also the health and well-being of the foraging animal. Among the most studied mixed-species natural ecosystems is the SerengetiMara Plain of Africa (Sinclair and Norton-Griffiths, 1979;McNaughton, 1985;Sinclair and Arcese, 1995;Sinclair et al., 2008). The concept of using mixed-species stocking dates from antiquity (Galaty and Johnson, 1990), frequently in a 'leader'-'follower' relationship that can reduce parasitism (Rocha et al., 2008) and may improve individual animal performance (Nolan and Connolly, 1976;Dickson et al., 1981;Odadi et al., 2011) and improve ...

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“…QUIGLEY & CRAWSHAW JR. 1992, CRAWSHAW JR & QUIGLEY 2002, MAZZOLLI et al 2002, informações sobre a freqüência de ataque e os prejuízos causados pelos demais carnívoros são pouco reportados. Em outros países da América do Sul, como o Uruguai, existe uma maior preocupação com a predação causada por carnívoros de menor porte, como os canídeos silvestres sobre as criações de ovinos.…”

Section: Ataques a Criações Domésticasunclassified