Mountain biodiversity in Brazil

Martinelli, Gustavo

doi:10.1590/s0100-84042007000400005

Cited by 161 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The distribution patterns of birds in the Espinhaço Mountain Range often resembles that of plants, and also show narrow distribution for various taxa (Vasconcelos 2009), with geographic distance and patchy habitats playing important roles in the isolation of species. The geographic isolation of the highest peaks, surrounded by a contrasting matrix of soils and climate probably gives rise to island-like environments, which explains much of the high richness of endemic species in such areas (Giulietti et al 1997;Martinelli 2007). Geographic isolation is therefore identified as the main reason for the emergence of restricted species, acting as a barrier to dispersal and a restriction to gene flow between populations, which, over evolutionary time, can lead to greater differentiation among genotypes and phenotypes (Lomolino et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographic isolation is therefore identified as the main reason for the emergence of restricted species, acting as a barrier to dispersal and a restriction to gene flow between populations, which, over evolutionary time, can lead to greater differentiation among genotypes and phenotypes (Lomolino et al 2010). Martinelli (2007) argued that the high level of species richness and diversity found in tropical highlands is often attributable to the effects of climatic and geological history on biotic evolution, to the various environmental impacts on adaptive mechanisms and to the continuous dispersion of fauna and flora in time. However, little is known about how these factors affect species richness in the highlands of Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a clear lack of floristic and phytogeographic studies of the mountain ranges of Brazil, which harbor plant ecosystems that are some of the most threatened on the planet (Webster 1995;Martinelli 2007), even more so than are those of the Andes (Safford 1999). The Espinhaço Mountain Range, in central-eastern Brazil, is the second largest mountain range in the country, in terms of its length (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myrtaceae throughout the Espinhaço Mountain Range of centraleastern Brazil: floristic relationships and geoclimatic controls

2014

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Although biological surveys and taxonomic revisions provide key information to ecological and evolutionary studies, there is a clear lack of floristic and phytogeographic studies of the mountainous regions of Brazil, which harbor some of the most threatened plant ecosystems on the planet. Myrtaceae has been reported to be one of the most important families in the upland areas of Brazil, as well as in the Atlantic Forest Domain. In this study, we investigated the floristic composition of Myrtaceae throughout the Espinhaço Mountain Range and adjacent highlands of central--eastern Brazil, testing the following hypotheses: floristic similarity increases with geographic proximity; and species distribution is affected by geoclimatic variables. We performed statistical analyses using a database containing records of 199 species in 19 areas and of their respective geoclimatic variables. We also performed ordination analysis using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the first and second axes of which explained 69% and 78% of the variation, respectively. The NMDS analysis demonstrated that variations in the Myrtaceae flora are highly sensitive to geoclimatic variables and geographic proximity. The NMDS ordination also showed a predominantly south-north gradient, as did the cluster analysis. This gradient was highly correlated with variations in rainfall and temperature, which are also associated with the three domains that coincide with the Espinhaço Mountain Range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myrtaceae throughout the Espinhaço Mountain Range of centraleastern Brazil: floristic relationships and geoclimatic controls

2014

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“…Enquanto a riqueza específica nos maciços de altitude litorâneos com levantamentos florísticos disponíveis na região Sudeste variou de 347 a 531 espécies, na região Sul variou entre 236 e 354 espécies (Brade 1951;Rambo 1956;Falkenberg 2003;Mocochinski & Scheer 2008). Entretanto, o escasso número de levantamentos florísticos ainda não permite comparações mais precisas para confirmarmos se há diferenças significativas na riqueza de espécies entre as áreas de altitude atlânticas ao longo do gradiente latitudinal da porção sul da Floresta Atlântica (Martinelli 2007).…”

Section: Distribuição Geográficaunclassified

“…A região Sudeste brasileira representa um dos centros de diversidade da Floresta Atlântica e várias das suas áreas de altitude ainda não possuem levantamentos florísticos publicados ou foram pouco inventariadas (Shepherd 1995, Martinelli 2007. Este levantamento florístico tem como objetivo verificar quais espécies de espermatófitas compõem a vegetação altimontana do distrito de Monte Verde e quantificar a riqueza específica e a composição florística de suas fitofisionomias.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Composição florística da vegetação altimontana do distrito de Monte Verde (Camanducaia, MG), Serra da Mantiqueira Meridional, Sudeste do Brasil

2014

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A Serra da Mantiqueira apresenta um mosaico de formações vegetacionais composto por florestas altimontanas, florestas de araucária, campos de altitude e afloramentos rochosos. Realizamos um levantamento florístico nas formações altimontanas do distrito de Monte Verde, Camanducaia, MG, Sudeste do Brasil, para quantificarmos a riqueza específica de cada formação e analisarmos a distribuição geográfica das espécies. Foram coletadas 499 espécies, distribuídas entre 97 famílias e 285 gêneros. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram Asteraceae (77 espécies), Melastomataceae e Orchidaceae (25), Myrtaceae (24), Solanaceae (23), Cyperaceae e Fabaceae (22), e Rubiaceae (18). Os gêneros mais ricos foram Baccharis (16 espécies), Solanum (15), Leandra (10), Myrceugenia (9), Tibouchina (8) e Myrcia (7). Registramos a ocorrência de três espécies recém-descritas e cinco novos registros para o estado de Minas Gerais. Cerca de 60 espécies são exclusivas do Sudeste brasileiro, enquanto 124 ocorrem também na região Sul. A presença de espécies endêmicas e com distribuição geográfica restrita destaca a influência da Serra da Mantiqueira na distribuição de espécies vegetais no Domínio da Floresta Atlântica. Palavras-chave: floresta atlântica, florestas altimontanas, florestas de araucária, campos de altitude, afloramentos rochosos. AbstractThe Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range harbors a mosaic of high-mountain vegetation composed of upper montane forests, Araucária forests, high-altitude grasslands and rocky outcrops. A floristic survey was carried out in the upper montane formations of Monte Verde district, Camanducaia, in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, to quantify the richness of each formation, and analyze the geographic distribution of species. A total of 499 species was collected, distributed among 97 families and 285 genera. The richest families were Asteraceae (77 species), Melastomataceae and Orchidaceae (25), Myrtaceae (24), Orchidaceae (23), Solanaceae (23), Cyperaceae and Fabaceae (22), and Rubiaceae (18). The richest genera were Baccharis (16 species), Solanum (15), Leandra (10), Myrceugenia (9), Tibouchina (8), and Myrcia (7). The occurrence of three newly described species and five new records for Minas Gerais state were observed. About 60 species occur only in the southeast of Brazil, while 124 also occur in the southern region of Brazil. The occurrence of endemic species and species with narrow geographic distribution showed the influence of the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain chain on the distribution of plant species in the Atlantic Forest Domain.

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Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress tolerance, bamboo presence, and facilitation

Christmann

Rosado

Delhaye

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Aims: Amidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity, and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterized the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C-competitor, S-stress-tolerant, Rruderal) scheme, what functional trade-offs they exhibit, and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence. Methods:To characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e., isolated woody plants in the grasslands community). Then, we used Mann-Whitney test, t test, and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside versus outside tree island and bamboo presence on community-weighted means, woody species diversity, and functional diversity. Results:We found a general SC/S strategy with drought-related functional tradeoffs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density, and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought-coping strategies within the predominant S strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake, and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo. Conclusions:The observed functional assembly hints toward large-scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping a stress-tolerant community strategy, and small-scale biotic interactions driving small-scale trait variation. We recommend | 10165 CHRISTMANN eT Al.

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Mountain biodiversity in Brazil

Cited by 161 publications

References 37 publications

Myrtaceae throughout the Espinhaço Mountain Range of centraleastern Brazil: floristic relationships and geoclimatic controls

Myrtaceae throughout the Espinhaço Mountain Range of centraleastern Brazil: floristic relationships and geoclimatic controls

Composição florística da vegetação altimontana do distrito de Monte Verde (Camanducaia, MG), Serra da Mantiqueira Meridional, Sudeste do Brasil

Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress tolerance, bamboo presence, and facilitation

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