Moulds and their secondary metabolites associated with the fermentation and storage of two cocoa bean hybrids in Nigeria

Akinfala, Taye O.; Houbraken, Jos; Sulyok, Michael; Adedeji, A. R.; Odebode, A. C.; Krska, Rudolf; Ezekiel, Chibundu N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108490

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…It is noteworthy to mention that infectopyron is usually produced by Alternaria species (Escrivá et al, 2017). Thus, its presence in all cultures of P. citrinum and P. steckii in the present study (Supplementary Figure S1) corroborates its recent detection in cultures of P. citrinum isolated from cocoa processing (Akinfala et al, 2020), and confirms production in section Citrina.…”

Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The metabolites produced by A. piperis isolated from the Nigerian garri samples were also consistent with previous reports for naphtho-γ-pyrones (aurasperones) and pyranonigrin A (Samson et al, 2007), except for aflavinins that were not detected in cultures in the present study because the compounds are also not included in the LC-MS/MS method list of compounds. Additionally, aspulvinone E recently found in cultures of A. niger isolated during cocoa beans processing in Nigeria (Akinfala et al, 2020) and other notable metabolites (fonsecin and nigragillin) of the section Nigri (Samson et al, 2007;Akinfala et al, 2020) were also found in the A. piperis cultures in our present study. The chemical profile data obtained here reiterates the fact that the identification of species within section Nigri (black Aspergilli) is complicated, requiring great skill and the application of a polyphasic approach involving the right set of genetic markers (Samson et al, 2007;Nielsen et al, 2009;Perrone et al, 2011;Lamboni et al, 2016).…”

Section: Metabolites From Aspergillussupporting

confidence: 84%

“…As expected, the P. citrinum strains biosynthesized citrinin, dihydrocitrinone and quinolactins (A and B) . These strains from garri appeared to be low citrinin producers (range: 3,146-3,739; mean: 3,474 µg/kg) compared to the strains from cocoa processing in Nigeria which secreted mean citrinin levels exceeding 350,000 µg/kg (Akinfala et al, 2020). Additionally, scalusamid A, which was recently reported in cultures of P. citrinum obtained from cocoa processing in Nigeria (Akinfala et al, 2020), were detected here together with two metabolites tentatively named NP1243 and NP8442.…”

Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 50%

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Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be prepackaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metabolite production potential, and mycotoxin contamination in the foods has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the diversity of fungi in 70 samples of low moisture content ready-to-eat foods [cheese balls, garri (cassava-based), granola (a mix of cereals and nuts) and popcorn] in Nigeria by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological examination, genera/species-specific gene marker sequencing and secondary metabolite profiling of fungal cultures. Additionally, mycotoxin levels in the foods were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fungal strains (n = 148) were recovered only from garri. Molecular analysis of 107 representative isolates revealed 27 species belonging to 12 genera: Acremonium, Allophoma, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Microdochium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, and Tolypocladium in the Ascomycota, and Fomitopsis and Trametes in the Basidiomycota. To the best of our knowledge Allophoma, Fomitopsis, Microdochium, Tolypocladium, and Trametes are reported in African food for the first time. A total of 21 uncommon metabolites were found in cultures of the following species: andrastin A and sporogen AO1 in Aspergillus flavus; paspalin in A. brunneoviolaceus; lecanoic acid and rugulusovin in A. sydowii; sclerotin A in P. citrinum and Talaromyces siamensis; barceloneic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavine, isochromophilons (IV, VI, and IX), ochrephilone, sclerotioramin, and sclerotiorin in P. sclerotium; epoxyagroclavine, infectopyron, methylorsellinic acid and trichodermamide C in P. steckii; moniliformin and sporogen AO1 in P. copticola; and aminodimethyloctadecanol in Tolypocladium. Twenty-four mycotoxins in addition to other 73 fungal and plant toxins were quantified in the foods. In garri, cheeseballs, popcorn and granola were 1, 6, 12, and 23 mycotoxins detected, respectively. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 615 Ezekiel et al. Fungi and Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat FoodsDeoxynivalenol, fumonisins, moniliformin, aflatoxins and citrinin contaminated 37, 31, 31, 20, and 14% of all food samples, respectively. Overall, citrinin had the highest mean concentration of 1481 µg/kg in the foods, suggesting high citrinin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of the foods depend on pre-food and post-food processing practices.

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Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Metabolites From Aspergillussupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 50%

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Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…Proper characterisation of fungi is fundamental to effectively determine their ecology and roles in the environment. In Nigeria, several studies have focused on fungal contamination of food crops (Adebajo et al 1994, Bankole et al 2003, Marley et al 2004, Afolabi et al 2006, Adejumo et al 2007, Atehnkeng et al 2008, Makun et al 2009, Fapohunda et al 2012, Abdus-Salaam et al 2016, Oyedele et al 2017, Ezekiel et al 2013a, 2013b, 2014, Akinfala et al 2020) and soil (Donner et al 2009. Many of these reports focused mainly on characterising aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species, because of their high incidence and their ability to produce aflatoxins and less on other mycotoxins produced by other fungal genera and species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria

Ezekiel¹,

Kraak²,

Sandoval-Denis³

et al. 2020

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Mycological investigation of various foods (mainly cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum) and agricultural soils from two states in north-central Nigeria (Nasarawa and Niger), was conducted in order to understand the role of filamentous fungi in food contamination and public health. A total of 839 fungal isolates were recovered from 84% of the 250 food and all 30 soil samples. Preliminary identifications were made, based on macro- and micromorphological characters. Representative strains (n = 121) were studied in detail using morphology and DNA sequencing, involving genera/species-specific markers, while extrolite profiles using LC-MS/MS were obtained for a selection of strains. The representative strains grouped in seven genera (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora, Neotestudina and Phoma). Amongst the 21 species that were isolated during this study was one novel species belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. madaensesp. nov., obtained from groundnut and sorghum in Nasarawa state. The examined strains produced diverse extrolites, including several uncommon compounds: averantinmethylether in A. aflatoxiformans; aspergillimide in A. flavus; heptelidic acid in A. austwickii; desoxypaxillin, kotanin A and paspalitrems (A and B) in A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis; aurasperon C, dimethylsulochrin, fellutanine A, methylorsellinic acid, nigragillin and pyrophen in A. brunneoviolaceus; cyclosporins (A, B, C and H) in A. niger; methylorsellinic acid, pyrophen and secalonic acid in A. piperis; aspulvinone E, fonsecin, kojic acid, kotanin A, malformin C, pyranonigrin and pyrophen in A. vadensis; and all compounds in F. madaense sp. nov., Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora and Neotestudina. This study provides snapshot data for prediction of food contamination and fungal biodiversity exploitation.

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“…The genus Paecilomyces includes more than 100 species known for their multiple activities and habitat heterogeneity [1]. Among them, Byssochlamys spectabilis (Udagawa and Shoji Suzuki) Houbraken and Samson, formerly known as Paecilomyces variotii Bainier, is an ascomycete characterized by its ability to produce secondary metabolites, which belong to different chemical groups with wide biological activity [2][3][4][5]. This species has been described as a biological control agent (BCA) against nematodes [6,7], trematode eggs [8] and phytopathogenic fungi, such as Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Fusarium moniliforme and Phytophthora cinnamomi [9], Pyricularia oryzae [10], Fusarium graminearum [11] and Magnaphorte oryzae [12], among others, that function through their raw extracts, secondary bioactive metabolites or their mycelia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paecilomyces variotii as A Plant-Growth Promoter in Horticulture

et al. 2020

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In the present study, P. variotii, an endophytic fungus isolated from plant roots from the Cabo de Gata Natural Park (Parque Nacional Cabo de Gata—Spain), was tested to determine the effect on the growth promotion of tomato and pepper seeds and seedlings. For these purposes, germination trials in a laboratory and two experiments in a commercial nursery and greenhouse conditions were performed. The P. variotii isolate has shown a high ability to produce siderophores and IAA, but low ability to solubilize P. High values for germination percentage, seedling vigor, root and shoot length were obtained by P. variotii on tomato and pepper against control. P. variotii applications resulted in improved most of the growth parameters evaluated, for both horticultural crops, with the best results in the development of pepper seedlings. The application of a higher dose of P. variotii improved most of the morphological parameters and the Dickson quality index (DQI) value in tomato in seedlings and plants. The establishment of the endophytic fungus at the root enabled its biostimulant effects to persist after transplantation without any additional application. Few studies have analyzed this species as a biostimulant. The positive results from the tests showed its high potential. The application of this isolate can be of enormous benefit to horticultural crops for its high reproductive and establishment capacity.

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Moulds and their secondary metabolites associated with the fermentation and storage of two cocoa bean hybrids in Nigeria

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria

Paecilomyces variotii as A Plant-Growth Promoter in Horticulture

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