Motorcycle to car ownership: The role of road mobility, accessibility and income inequality

Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong; Law, Teik Hua; Hamid, Hussain; Jakarni, Fauzan Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102650

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The existence of a more optimum road network design under mid-range MPA level increases the demand for car use owing to the better traffic dispersal system and thus ease of mobility which the road network provides. This finding is also supported by the results of a previous study which showed that cars are getting more popular relative to motorcycles at higher per capita income levels ( 4 ). Therefore, car ownership under mid-range MPA level saturates at a higher level compared with extreme MPA level at higher per capita GDP.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…As depicted in Figure 9, car ownership level is generally higher under lower income inequality condition at all income levels, with the gap between the two growth curves increasing until the saturation level between 879 cars per 1,000 population under lower income inequality condition and 318 cars per 1,000 population under higher income inequality condition. These results recognized that higher purchasing power under lower income inequality condition encourages more people to own a car ( 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…According to several previous studies, there is an S-shaped growth curve relationship between economic performance and car ownership. Three theoretical explanations for this growth pattern have been put forward: (1) the size of economic activity; (2) the replacement of higher-risk transport modes with lower-risk ones; and (3) increases in societal demand for better transportation services which result in less congestion, lower costs, and increased safety ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies carried out to understand vehicle ownership growth include examining the growth trends of passenger cars and motorcycles along with economic growth (4)(5)(6)(7). Demand for passenger cars increases with income levels as they are considered ''normal goods,'' as opposed to motorcycles which can be owned at low-income levels and replaced as income grows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best knowledge of the authors, only a few studies have examined the direct effect of road infrastructure development on vehicle ownership. The closest literature found thus far found that the effect of expansion in the road network on motorcycle ownership was partly influenced by income growth ( 4 , 6 ). These studies used either the total road length or the relative advances in the ratio of higher mobility roads over higher accessibility roads (MPA) to account for the impact of road development on the growth of motorcycle ownership.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Examining the Effects of Relative Advances in Higher Mobility Roads over Higher Accessibility Roads and Income Inequality on the Relationship between Car Ownership and Economic Growth

Poi¹,

Law

Hamid

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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This study examined the effects of relative advances in the ratio of higher mobility roads over higher accessibility roads (MPA) and income inequality on growth of passenger car ownership in relation to economic growth. (MPA is calculated by dividing the total length of higher mobility roads [tolled expressways, national highways, and other main road networks serving medium- to high-speed traffic] by the total length of higher accessibility roads [secondary and regional road networks] in that country in a specific year.) Specifically, we employed the Gompertz function to model changes in the growth rate of car ownership and the income elasticities. The analysis used a panel data between 1963 and 2013 for 53 countries with various income levels. Results revealed that passenger car ownership rate is consistently higher at most of the per capita income levels under mid-range MPA and lower income inequality conditions. As expected, income elasticities were found varied for groups of countries experiencing different MPA and income inequality conditions under different economic developmental levels. Aside from contributing to the highest passenger car growth, the combined effect of mid-range MPA and lower income inequality conditions was also associated with higher income elasticity at higher per capita GDP. In contrast, countries with extreme MPA under higher income inequality conditions generally have the lowest passenger car growth but highest income elasticity at lower per capita GDP. The implications of these findings on private transportation policies relate to measures to control increased car ownership as well as to reduce road casualties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Effects of Relative Advances in Higher Mobility Roads over Higher Accessibility Roads and Income Inequality on the Relationship between Car Ownership and Economic Growth

Poi¹,

Law

Hamid

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

Self Cite

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Effect of economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures on transport emissions: evidence from OECD countries

Hussain

Khan

Shaheen

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Environmental quality has been pondered as an essential aspect of sustainable development across the global economies. Several factors such as economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures drastically influence environmental quality. More specifically, the transport sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions which deteriorate the environmental quality. Therefore, this study investigates whether economic development, transportation, environmental expenditures, and income inequality affect transport-carbon emissions for the OECD countries. Furthermore, panel time-series data period from 2000 to 2020 and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag method are used for transport-oriented environmental examination. Results demonstrate that transportation upsurges transport-carbon emission level by 46.45% on average. Moreover, the joint effect of economic development and environmental taxes significantly reduces transport-carbon emissions by 14.70%. Findings further suggest that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between economic development and transport emission. Besides, income inequality, environmental expenditures, and green transportation are negatively associated with the coefficient of transport-carbon emissions. More interestingly, income inequality is negatively correlated with transport-carbon emissions across the sample countries. Furthermore, the joint effect of income inequality and economic development increases the emission level released by the transport sector. Thus, this research recommends some policies: countries should control traffic movements and increase environmental expenditures, and produce green transport vehicles to tackle environmental issues.

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The motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths ratio and economic performance: A panel data analysis

Sirajudeen

Law

Wong

et al. 2022

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Motorcycle to car ownership: The role of road mobility, accessibility and income inequality

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Examining the Effects of Relative Advances in Higher Mobility Roads over Higher Accessibility Roads and Income Inequality on the Relationship between Car Ownership and Economic Growth

Examining the Effects of Relative Advances in Higher Mobility Roads over Higher Accessibility Roads and Income Inequality on the Relationship between Car Ownership and Economic Growth

Effect of economic development, income inequality, transportation, and environmental expenditures on transport emissions: evidence from OECD countries

The motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths ratio and economic performance: A panel data analysis

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