Motorcycle Cornering Behaviour Modelling

Abstract

The market for motorcycles has been showing a continuous increase in sales in last years. This result is driven by the change of perception by the consumers not to despise the two-wheeled vehicle as a transport. Fuel economy, parking easiness and speed of locomotion confirm the absorption of this product on the market. But the growth of scientific research in motorcycles dynamics do not grow at the same market rate, making it an issue to be exploited to improve the safety of the rider or assist in new projects development.This work uses a multi body motorcycle model containing 4 rigid bodies connected by revolution joints parameterized by 7 degrees of freedom. The model includes the major geometric and inertial characteristics of the motorcycle. It was used in the mathematical model nonlinear algebraic equations. The model is subjected to curvilinear trajectory with constant radius and speed which allows knowing the behaviour of the motorcycle on a steady state manoeuvre, using two input parameters imposed by the rider: angle of steering and roll angle.The simulation results are discussed and presented in graphical form. Aiming to validate the mathematical model an instrumented motorcycle with data acquisition equipment was used, comparing the testing values with those obtained in the mathematical model. The test procedure was exclusively developed for this work and has not been reported in the literature, fostering effective ways to test and validate this investigation. INTRODUCTIONThe technical description for a vehicle "single track", as the motorcycle is called in the literature, it is tied to single impression it leaves behind as it passes over the sand, for example. This peculiarity is the source of everything that makes the study of the vehicle undeniably complex, and yet at the same time so fascinating.Another factor is that the means of transport commonly used in day-to-day is so familiar that they are driven with ease which can essentially be reduced to two vehicle categories, two and four wheels. The first category is the bicycles and the motorcycles, which are equivalent in cinematic terms and the second the cars, which certainly is the most studied vehicle today, with extensive bibliography.A crucial consideration on these vehicles is that when a car is at rest, with or without passengers aboard, it remains in stable equilibrium. However, a motorcycle upright tends to fall, unless a suitable support or supported by the rider.A little observation brings to light some fundamental differences in the comparison of the two vehicles in motion:An inexperienced person driving a motor vehicle, intuitively and quickly realized that when the steering wheel is turned in one direction, the vehicle is oriented in the same direction, so they can drive the car precisely in the direction they want to go.However, even an adult inevitably involves potential embarrassment and difficulty associated with attempting to ride a bike for the first time -beginners are forced to put their feet on the ground, trying to...

Electric Motorcycle Modeling for Speed Tracking and Range Travelled Estimation

“…While Cossalter et al [12] develop a nonlinear dynamics equation in steady state cornering with the consideration on the lateral and longitudinal slip of the driven wheel. Another study on cornering behavior conducted by Donadio [13] utilizes the work done by Cossalter et al with an aim to validate the mathematical model using the proposed testing procedure.…”