Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths Among Hispanic and Black Children and Teenagers

Baker, Susan Pardee; Braver, Elisa R.; Chen, Lee-hwa; Pantula, J. F.; Massie, Deanna

doi:10.1001/archpedi.152.12.1209

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There is a male gender predominance and, in the US, Hispanic and Black children and teenagers are at significantly higher risk than whites. 66 Although in recent years there have been encouraging declines in motor vehicle fatalities, there remains substantial variations between and within countries. 41,67 Sethi et al have estimated that, if all countries in Europe had the same mortality rates from road traffic injuries as those with the lowest rates, nearly 7900 children's lives could be saved each year.…”

Section: Table 2: Impact Of Physical Environment On Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding why children die in high-income countries

et al. 2014

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Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. AbstractThrough a structured narrative review of the literature, we have identified a wide range of factors influencing child and adolescent mortality in high income countries. These can be conceptualised within the four domains of intrinsic factors, the physical environment, the social environment, and service delivery factors. The most prominent factors in the literature are socio-economic gradients, although the mechanisms through which these gradients exert their effects are complex, affecting all four domains, and often poorly understood. While some factors are relatively fixed, including the child's gender, age, ethnicity and inherent genetic make-up, some parental characteristics, and some wider 3 environmental conditions, others may be amenable to interventions that could lessen risks and help to prevent future child deaths. A number of examples of systemic health service factors that may impact child survival are given, along with interventions such as modifications to the physical or social environmental that may impact more distal factors.

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Section: Table 2: Impact Of Physical Environment On Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding why children die in high-income countries

et al. 2014

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“…2,3 Moreover, epidemiologic studies show that children of certain minority groups are at higher risk of dying in motor vehicle crashes. 4 Despite the large number of resources allocated to media campaigns, infants and young children continue to travel unrestrained, in unsafe seating positions, and in front passenger seats of airbagequipped vehicles. [5][6][7] We anticipate that this may become more of a problem as vehicles are resold to second owners.…”

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confidence: 99%

Child Safety Seat Knowledge Among Parents Utilizing Emergency Services in a Level I Trauma Center in Southern California

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the level of child safety seat (CSS) and airbag safety knowledge in parents who utilize emergency care services for their children and to determine factors that influence knowledge of safe transportation of children.Methods. A prospective survey study was conducted in a 42 000-visit-per-year Level I trauma center and emergency department (ED) in Southern California from May through October 2000. Subjects were parents of ED-registered children (<6 years). Research assistants administered the survey in the subject's native language. Parent knowledge of age-appropriate restraint use and airbag safety was collected.Results. Six hundred fifty-five subjects were enrolled. Most parents (97%) reported a regular source of pediatric medical care, and 57% had a previous ED visit. Eighty-six percent reported owning a CSS or booster seat. Eighty-one percent were aware that infants in rear-facing CSSs should never be placed in front of an airbag. Only 46% knew that a child weighing 40 to 60 lb should travel in a booster seat, and 59% knew that the State law required CSS use for children up to 4 years and weighing up to 40 lb. When knowledge scores were examined by ethnicity, fluency in English, income, and years of education, fluency was found to have the greatest influence on both CSS and airbag knowledge.Conclusions. Although nearly all of our subjects admitted that their children had a regular source of care, many parents showed evidence of lack of knowledge of CSS and airbag safety. Furthermore, many parents were not familiar with the state law regarding child restraints. Our findings suggest that parents of small children who utilize emergency care services could benefit from child passenger safety education during their ED visit and that non-English media and materials may be important to reaching this population. Pediatrics 2002;110(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/110/5/e61; child safety seat, airbag, knowledge, occupant safety, Hispanic.ABBREVIATIONS. ED, emergency department; CSS, child safety seat; NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Administration. M otor vehicle crashes continue to claim the lives of US children too frequently. In 2000, there were 8145 passenger vehicle occupants under the age of 15 involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes. Of these, 2343 children were killed in crashes. In addition, 529 of the fatally injured children were under the age of 5 years, and 251 were found to be completely unrestrained. 1 Emergency physicians and pediatric emergency medicine specialists are confronted daily with caring for these injured children and in many cases trying to educate parents about "best" child occupant safety practices. The task of injury prevention education in the emergency department (ED) setting can be challenging. Yet most acute health care providers and traffic safety advocates affirm that this education is needed for parents, particularly in light of the growing socioeconomic and cultural diversity found in EDs today. Furthermore, researchers have fo...

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“…A growing body of research, however, does indicate that racial and ethnic differences in driving behaviors exist. Research in the travel, transportation, and accident analysis literatures shows considerable racial and ethnic differences in a variety of driving-related behaviors including seat belt usage, possession of driver's license/ driving without license, fatal accident involvement, alcoholrelated accident involvement, and driving under the influence (Abdel-Aty & Abdelwahab, 2000; Baker, Braver, Chen, Pantula, & Massie, 1998;Braver, 2003;Caetano & Clark, 2000;CamposOutcalt, Prybylski, Watkins, Rothfus, & Dellapenna, 1997;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000;Chu, Polzin, Rey, & Hill, 2000;Engel et al, 2004;Everett et al, 2001;Glassbrenner, 2003;Harper, Marine, Garrett, Lezottte, & Lowenstein, 2000;Jones & Lacey, 1998;Lange et al, 2001;Lerner et al, 2001;Missouri Department of Health, 1998;Nachiondo, Robinson, & Killen, 1996;Royal, 2000;Schiff & Becker, 1996;W. R. Smith et al, 2003;Voas, Tippetts, & Fisher, 2000;Voas, Wells, Lestina, Williams, & Greene, 1998;Wells, Williams, & Farmer, 2002).…”

Section: Which Benchmark Is Best?mentioning

confidence: 99%