Motor System Pathology in Psychosis

Walther, Sebastian; Mittal, Vijay A.

doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0856-9

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further follow-up of the offspring in the QFS demonstrated that, by age 2.5-4 years, affected offspring were able to catch up in development [99]. Deficits to motor development in later childhood and adolescence have also been observed in children of prenatally stressed mothers [101], which is consistent with findings that motor problems reemerge during the prodrome of psychosis [102]. A recent study identified adverse effects of parental postnatal stress on motor development, while PNMS improved motor development; however, this study specifically examined women using antidepressants in the prenatal period, which may point to a protective role of antidepressants against adverse effects of PNMS [103].…”

Section: Pnms and Premorbid Outcomessupporting

confidence: 78%

Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring

Lipner

Murphy

Ellman

2019

Curr Psychiatry Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review-Disruptions in fetal development (via genetic and environmental pathways) have been consistently associated with risk for schizophrenia in a variety of studies. Although multiple obstetric complications (OCs) have been linked to schizophrenia, this review will discuss emerging evidence supporting the role of prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In addition, findings linking PNMS to intermediate phenotypes of the disorder, such as OCs and premorbid cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits, will be reviewed. Maternal immune and endocrine dysregulation will also be explored as potential mechanisms by which PNMS confers risk for SSD. Recent Findings-PNMS has been linked to offspring SSD; however, findings are mixed due to inconsistent and retrospective assessments of PNMS and lack of specificity about SSD outcomes. PNMS is also associated with various intermediate phenotypes of SSD (e.g., prenatal infection/ inflammation, decreased fetal growth, hypoxia-related OCs). Recent studies continue to elucidate the impact of PNMS while considering the moderating roles of fetal sex and stress timing, but it is still unclear which aspects of PNMS (e.g., type, timing) confer risk for SSD specifically. Summary-PNMS increases risk for SSD, but only in a small portion of fetuses exposed to PNMS. Fetal sex, genetics, and other environmental factors, as well as additional pre-and postnatal insults, likely contribute to the PNMS-SSD association. Longitudinal birth cohort studies are needed to prospectively illuminate the mechanisms that account for the variability in outcomes following PNMS.

show abstract

Section: Pnms and Premorbid Outcomessupporting

confidence: 78%

Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring

Lipner

Murphy

Ellman

2019

Curr Psychiatry Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increasing evidence has established the clinical relevance of aberrant motor function in schizophrenia ( 1 , 47 – 49 ). Here, we investigated a comprehensive motor battery with four domains of motor function in three well-characterized groups (patients, unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Associations of Motor Domains in Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients—Different Pathways to Motor Abnormalities in Schizophrenia?

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAberrant motor function is an integral part of schizophrenia. In fact, abnormalities are frequently found in patients, in populations at risk, and in unaffected relatives. Motor abnormalities are suspected to be relevant for the clinical outcome and could probably predict the conversion from at-risk individuals to schizophrenia. Furthermore, motor function has been argued as endophenotype of the disorder. Yet, which particular motor domain may classify as a potential endophenotype is unknown. We aimed to compare schizophrenia patients, unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls for different motor domains. We expected impairments in all domains in patients and in some domains in relatives.MethodWe included 43 schizophrenia patients, 34 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 29 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and education level. We compared motor function of four motor domains between the groups. The domains comprise neurological soft signs (NSS), abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia), Parkinsonism, and fine motor function including simple [finger tapping (FT)] and complex fine motor function, (i.e., dexterity as measured with the coin rotation test). Furthermore, we tested the association of motor function of the four domains with working memory, frontal lobe function, and nonverbal intelligence for each group separately using within-group bivariate correlations.ResultsSchizophrenia patients showed poorer motor function in all tested domains compared to healthy controls. First-degree relatives had intermediate ratings with aberrant function in two motor domains. In detail, relatives had significantly more NSS and performed poorer in the FT task than controls. In contrast, complex fine motor function was intact in relatives. Relatives did not differ from controls in dyskinesia or Parkinsonism severity.DiscussionTaken together, schizophrenia patients have motor abnormalities in all tested domains. Thus, motor abnormalities are a key element of the disorder. Likewise, first-degree relatives presented motor deficits in two domains. A clear difference between relatives and healthy controls was found for NSS and FT. Thus, NSS and FT may be potential markers of vulnerability for schizophrenia. The lack of association between genetic risk and dyskinesia or Parkinsonism suggests distinct pathobiological mechanisms in the various motor abnormalities in schizophrenia.

show abstract

“…4,5 In the last several decades, there has been renewed focus on motor symptoms as core features of the disorder. 6 For example, motor symptoms have been consistently identified in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia, including increased rates of neurological soft signs (NSS), 7,8 abnormal involuntary movements, 9 and significant delays in motor development. 10 Moreover, early evidence indicates that abnormal involuntary movements are predictive of psychosis risk in children and adolescents in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Apthorp

Bolbecker

Bartolomeo

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motor abnormalities are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia, and increasing evidence suggests they are a core feature of the disorder. Postural sway during balance tasks is a highly sensitive probe of sensorimotor systems including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and motor cortices. Postural sway deficits are present in schizophrenia as well as groups at high risk for psychosis, suggesting altered postural control may be sensitive to the pathophysiological processes associated with risk and expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study examined postural sway performance in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Individuals with SPD have attenuated psychotic symptoms and share genetic risk with schizophrenia but are usually free from antipsychotic medication and other illness confounds, making SPD useful for assessing candidate biomarkers. We measured postural sway using force plates in 27 individuals with SPD, 27 carefully matched controls, and 27 matched patients with schizophrenia. It was predicted that postural sway in the SPD group would fall intermediate to schizophrenia and controls. In all conditions (eyes open and closed, with feet together or apart), the SPD group swayed significantly more than the controls, as measured by path length and sway area. Moreover, the magnitude of the sway deficit was comparable in the SPD and schizophrenia groups. These findings suggest that postural sway measures may represent a sensorimotor biomarker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

show abstract

Motor System Pathology in Psychosis

Cited by 73 publications

References 93 publications

Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring

Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring

Distinct Associations of Motor Domains in Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients—Different Pathways to Motor Abnormalities in Schizophrenia?

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About