Motor response to levodopa in patients with parkinsonian motor fluctuations: a follow-up study over three years.

Evolution of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: A longitudinal study over 6 years

“…Modified Webster scale score 2. Quantification of regional dyskinesia (dyskinesia severity scale 0-3 for six body regions) 6 …”

Levodopa effect on electromyographic activation patterns of tibialis anterior muscle during walking in Parkinson's disease

“…Moreover, the abnormal activation of TA in the late swing-early stance phase [10,11], a crucial phase for adequate placement of the foot, might be a factor of stumbling with an increased risk of falling [15]. Our aims were: (1) to evaluate if an abnormal pattern of TA activation is constantly present in the late swing-early stance phase during the ''off'' state, (2) if there is a relationship between the abnormal pattern of TA and the clinical condition evaluated by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III or with slow walking speed, which is present also in other pathologies [16][17][18] and (3) if TA impairment in swing/stance phase is specifically linked to striatal dopamine deficiency. We also recorded GM activation in order to collect some additional information on spatial-temporal activation patterns of antagonist muscles.…”

Clinical correlates of levodopa-induced dopamine release in Parkinson disease

“…Moreover, serial LD challenges performed at different stages of disease have helped clarify how the pharmacologic response to LD evolves over the time. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, clinical assessments do not reveal the mechanisms underlying LD-associated responses and complications, which may operate at both pre-and postsynaptic levels.…”