Motor reserve: How to build neuronal resilience against ageing and neurodegeneration?

Bastos, Paulo; Barbosa, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2021.12.012

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Of the initially identified 1968 studies, 34 studies remained as meeting all the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, 11 were reviews ( Kakei et al, 2018 ; Van Loenhoud et al, 2018 ; Chung et al, 2020c ; Bede et al, 2021 ; Manto et al, 2021 ; Bastos and Barbosa, 2022 ; Chung et al, 2022 ; Gelfo and Petrosini, 2022 ; Mitoma et al, 2022 ; Gelfo et al, 2023 ; Hoenig et al, 2023 ), one study was a consensus paper ( Mitoma et al, 2020 ), and one study was a letter to the editor ( Manto, 2023 ). Review articles underwent a full-text reading to search for possible eligible papers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the concept of reserve in the motor domain: a systematic review

Giustiniani,

Quartarone

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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A reserve in the motor domain may underlie the capacity exhibited by some patients to maintain motor functionality in the face of a certain level of disease. This form of “motor reserve” (MR) could include cortical, cerebellar, and muscular processes. However, a systematic definition has not been provided yet. Clarifying this concept in healthy individuals and patients would be crucial for implementing prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols. Due to its wide application in the assessment of motor system functioning, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may support such definition. Here, studies focusing on reserve in the motor domain and studies using NIBS were revised. Current literature highlights the ability of the motor system to create a reserve and a possible role for NIBS. MR could include several mechanisms occurring in the brain, cerebellum, and muscles, and NIBS may support the understanding of such mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the concept of reserve in the motor domain: a systematic review

Giustiniani,

Quartarone

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Improvements in muscle strength from regular exercise also improve balance and motor function. Physical exercise is also known to be an effective strategy to strengthen motor reserve and for developing “neuronal resilience” so that individuals are better able to cope with neurodegeneration as they age ( 171 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of Parkinson’s disease is a global challenge, but efforts to tackle this must begin at a national level: a protocol for national digital screening and “eat, move, sleep” lifestyle interventions to prevent or slow the rise of non-communicable diseases in Thailand

Bhidayasiri,

Sringean,

Phumphid

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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The rising prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) globally presents a significant public health challenge for national healthcare systems, particularly in low-to-middle income countries, such as Thailand, which may have insufficient resources to meet these escalating healthcare needs. There are also many undiagnosed cases of early-stage PD, a period when therapeutic interventions would have the most value and least cost. The traditional “passive” approach, whereby clinicians wait for patients with symptomatic PD to seek treatment, is inadequate. Proactive, early identification of PD will allow timely therapeutic interventions, and digital health technologies can be scaled up in the identification and early diagnosis of cases. The Parkinson’s disease risk survey (TCTR20231025005) aims to evaluate a digital population screening platform to identify undiagnosed PD cases in the Thai population. Recognizing the long prodromal phase of PD, the target demographic for screening is people aged ≥ 40 years, approximately 20 years before the usual emergence of motor symptoms. Thailand has a highly rated healthcare system with an established universal healthcare program for citizens, making it ideal for deploying a national screening program using digital technology. Designed by a multidisciplinary group of PD experts, the digital platform comprises a 20-item questionnaire about PD symptoms along with objective tests of eight digital markers: voice vowel, voice sentences, resting and postural tremor, alternate finger tapping, a “pinch-to-size” test, gait and balance, with performance recorded using a mobile application and smartphone’s sensors. Machine learning tools use the collected data to identify subjects at risk of developing, or with early signs of, PD. This article describes the selection and validation of questionnaire items and digital markers, with results showing the chosen parameters and data analysis methods to be robust, reliable, and reproducible. This digital platform could serve as a model for similar screening strategies for other non-communicable diseases in Thailand.

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“…These findings suggest that the mechanisms involved in the relation between PA and PD are independent of these variables and are in favor of a direct protective effect of PA, for instance through motor reserve. 44,45 The main strengths of our study are its large size and long follow-up, which allowed us to perform lagged analyses to address the potential for reverse causation. We used repeated PA measures rather than a single measure and a method specifically designed to allow longitudinal analyses when measurement tools change over the follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Physical Activity and Parkinson Disease in Women

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives:Previous cohort studies reported that a single measure of physical activity (PA) assessed at baseline was associated with lower Parkinson’s disease (PD) incidence, but a meta-analysis suggested that this association was restricted to men. Due to the long prodromal phase of the disease, reverse causation could not be excluded as a potential explanation. Our objective was to study the association between time-varying PA and PD using lagged analyses to address the potential for reverse causation, and to compare PA trajectories in patients prior to diagnosis and matched controls.Methods:We used data from E3N (1990-2018), a cohort study of women affiliated with a national health insurance plan for persons working in education. PA was self-reported in six questionnaires over the follow-up. As questions changed across questionnaires, we created a time-varying latent PA (LPA) variable using latent-process mixed models. PD was ascertained using a multistep validation process based on medical records, or a validated algorithm based on drug claims. We set-up a nested case-control study to examine differences in LPA trajectories using multivariable linear mixed models with a retrospective time scale. Cox proportional hazards models with age as the timescale and adjusted for confounders were used to estimate the association between time-varying LPA and PD incidence. Our main analysis used a 10y-lag to account for reverse causation; sensitivity analyses used 5y, 15y, and 20y-lags.Results:Analyses of trajectories (1,196 cases, 23,879 controls) showed that LPA was significantly lower in cases than in controls throughout the follow-up, including 29y before diagnosis; the difference between cases and controls started to increase ∼10y before diagnosis (P-interaction=0.003). In our main survival analysis, of 95,354 women free of PD in 2000, 1,074 women developed PD over a mean follow-up of 17.2y. PD incidence decreased with increasing LPA (P-trend=0.001), with 25% lower incidence in those in the highest quartile compared to the lowest (adjusted hazard ratio=0.75, 95% confidence interval=0.63-0.89). Using longer lags yielded similar conclusions.Discussion:Higher PA level is associated with lower PD incidence in women, not explained by reverse causation. These results are important for planning interventions for PD prevention.

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Motor reserve: How to build neuronal resilience against ageing and neurodegeneration?

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Defining the concept of reserve in the motor domain: a systematic review

Defining the concept of reserve in the motor domain: a systematic review

The rise of Parkinson’s disease is a global challenge, but efforts to tackle this must begin at a national level: a protocol for national digital screening and “eat, move, sleep” lifestyle interventions to prevent or slow the rise of non-communicable diseases in Thailand

Association of Physical Activity and Parkinson Disease in Women

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