Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis

Wu, Siwen; Li, Huitao; Wang, Lingling; Mak, Nathan; Wu, Xiaolong; Ge, Ren‐Shan; Sun, Fei; Cheng, C. Yan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Spermiogenesis, which involves sperm head shaping and flagella formation, is a phenomenon characterized by unique and drastic changes in cell morphology, 1 such as chromatin compaction by replacing histones with protamine 2 and acrosome formation. 3 In this process, the components of proteins necessary to build the flagella are transported on railed microtubules associated with intraflagellar transporter proteins (IFT) 4 , 5 , 6 and motor proteins 7 , 8 to elongate flagella 9 , 10 with the removal of the cytoplasm. 11 This same microtubule‐based skirt‐like transient structure called the manchette is supposed to play an important role in protein delivery and sperm head shaping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice

Hiradate

Harima

Yanai

et al. 2022

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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Purpose Spermiogenesis, the process of deformation of sperm head morphology and flagella formation, is a phenomenon unique to sperm. Axonemal dynein light chain proteins are localized to sperm flagella and are known to be involved in sperm motility. Here, we focused on the gene axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1 ( Axdnd1 ) with the aim to determine the function of its protein product AXDND1. Methods To elucidate the role of AXDND1 in spermatogenesis, we generated Axdnd1 knockout (KO) mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The generated mice were subjected to fertility tests and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Result The Axdnd1 KO mouse exhibited sterility caused by impaired spermiogenesis during the elongation step as well as abnormal nuclear shaping and manchette, which are essential for spermiogenesis. Moreover, AXDND1 showed enriched testicular expression and was localized from the mid‐pachytene spermatocytes to the early spermatids. Conclusion Axdnd1 is essential for spermatogenesis in the mouse testes. These findings improve our understanding of spermiogenesis and related defects. According to a recent report, deleterious heterozygous mutations in AXDND1 were found in non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Therefore, Axdnd1 KO mice could be used as a model system for NOA, which will greatly contribute to future NOA treatment studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice

Hiradate

Harima

Yanai

et al. 2022

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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“…Another major difference in the cauda transcriptome is a set of 37 genes with very high log2fold changes, i.e., expression at a much higher level in the knockout than in the wild type. Intriguingly, most of these are generally expressed motor proteins, and the role of such proteins in spermiogenesis has only recently been fully recognized ( Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a New Testis-Specific Functional Promoter Within the Highly Conserved Map2k7 Gene of the Mouse

et al. 2022

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Map2k7 (synonym Mkk7) is a conserved regulatory kinase gene and a central component of the JNK signaling cascade with key functions during cellular differentiation. It shows complex transcription patterns, and different transcript isoforms are known in the mouse (Mus musculus). We have previously identified a newly evolved testis-specific transcript for the Map2k7 gene in the subspecies M. m. domesticus. Here, we identify the new promoter that drives this transcript and find that it codes for an open reading frame (ORF) of 50 amino acids. The new promoter was gained in the stem lineage of closely related mouse species but was secondarily lost in the subspecies M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus. A single mutation can be correlated with its transcriptional activity in M. m. domesticus, and cell culture assays demonstrate the capability of this mutation to drive expression. A mouse knockout line in which the promoter region of the new transcript is deleted reveals a functional contribution of the newly evolved promoter to sperm motility and the spermatid transcriptome. Our data show that a new functional transcript (and possibly protein) can evolve within an otherwise highly conserved gene, supporting the notion of regulatory changes contributing to the emergence of evolutionary novelties.

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“…Each of these two processes is considered important for the activation and maintenance of sperm motility in marine teleosts (Boj et al, 2015;Alavi et al, 2019). The motility factors upregulated by sbGnRH were flagellar proteins involved in sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function (Cfap, Spag16, Spef2, Ttll1 and Ttll12) and dynein motor proteins (Dnah1, Lrcc6), which are likely necessary for flagellar function in piscine spermatozoa as in mammals (Vogel et al, 2010, Sironen et al, 2011Dzyuba and Cosson, 2014;Feng et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021). The sbGnRH also activated the expression of Ropn1 early in the maturation process, which is an axonemal protein that plays a role in PKA-dependent signaling cascades required for spermatozoon capacitation (Fiedler at al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protamine lacking piscine spermatozoa are transcriptionally active

Castro-Arnau

Chauvigné

Gómez‐Garrido

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Transcriptional quiescence of post-meiotic spermatozoa associated with protamine-mediated chromatin condensation is widely recognized in animals. How sperm acquire the extratesticular maturational competence to move and fertilize the egg is therefore thought to occur via non-transcriptional mechanisms. Here, using transcriptional profiling during spermatozoon differentiation in a fish that does not condense chromatin with protamines, we uncover spatially distinct roles of the GnRH receptor and PDGF signaling pathways between the somatic epithelia of the extratesticular ducts and the maturing spermatozoa. In vitro induction and inhibition experiments demonstrate that the endocrine signaling pathways are conserved in different lineages of fish and activate de novo transcription of spermatozoon genes required for the acquisition of full motility. These experiments further confirmed that mitochondrial translation is important for sperm maturation in anamniotes as in amniotes, but that transcriptional quiescence of post-meiotic spermatozoa is not a pan vertebrate phenomenon. On the contrary, the data show that the identified signal transduction pathways between the soma and the sperm upregulate effector genes essential for maturational competence and male fertility.

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Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 193 publications

Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice

Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice

Evolution of a New Testis-Specific Functional Promoter Within the Highly Conserved Map2k7 Gene of the Mouse

Protamine lacking piscine spermatozoa are transcriptionally active

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