Motor proficiency as a correlate of coping in late adult lifespan. An exploratory study

Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test (iTUG)—More Than Assessing Time to Predict Falls: A Systematic Review

“…From the selected studies, it can be observed that most participants were elderlies without health issues [ 24 , 33 , 34 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 50 , 58 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 67 ]. In only four studies, they were described as community elderlies [ 32 , 36 , 41 , 68 ], and in only one of them, they were described as residence elderlies [ 69 ]. Thirteen studies included participants with a diagnosis of PD [ 11 , 18 , 31 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 55 , 57 , 60 , 64 , 70 ] and only one of them with a diagnosis of stroke [ 13 ].…”

“…The selected studies vary in the type of study design; although the level of evidence declared no methodological limitations, it can be seen in Table 5 that the predominant methodological designs were cross-sectional [ 21 , 32 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 63 , 65 , 69 ] and exploratory studies [ 11 , 18 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 61 , 62 , 64 ], with ten articles each, followed by cohort studies [ 33 , 36 , 67 , 70 ], with four articles. A smaller number of studies were experimental [ 22 , 24 , 31 ], with three articles, and descriptive [ 34 , 68 ], cross-sectional [ 43 , 59 ], prospective [ 23 , 49 ] and longitudinal [ 58 , 60 ], with two articles each.…”

“…Several proposals use inertial sensors for the instrumentation of the test [ 11 , 18 , 21 , 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 55 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Most of the studies use commercial sensors such as the G-Sensor, BTS G Walk ® (BTS Bioengineering, Lombardia, Italy) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 69 ], whose inertial unit consists of a sensor with a tri-axial accelerometer and a tri-axial gyroscope, with a maximum sampling frequency of 1000 Hz.…”

“…Several proposals use inertial sensors for the instrumentation of the test [ 11 , 18 , 21 , 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 55 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Most of the studies use commercial sensors such as the G-Sensor, BTS G Walk ® (BTS Bioengineering, Lombardia, Italy) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 69 ], whose inertial unit consists of a sensor with a tri-axial accelerometer and a tri-axial gyroscope, with a maximum sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Other commercial sensors used include the Opal Sensor (APDM wearable technologies, Portland, OR, USA) [ 39 , 59 ], MTX XSens sensors (49A33G15, Xsens, Enschede, The Netherlands) [ 44 , 45 , 49 ], Dynaport sensor (McRoberts technologies, the Hague, The Netherlands) [ 18 , 33 , 55 , 63 , 67 ], which integrates a tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, Shimmer inertial sensor (Shimmer technologies, Dublin, Ireland) [ 58 ], LEGSys and BalanSens (BioSensics, Boston, MA, USA) [ 70 ], mHT (mHealth Technologies, Bologna, Italy) [ 60 , 65 ], PAMSys inertial...…”

“…Other studies propose the use of six sensors, one in the sternum, one in L3, two in both hips and two in both thighs [ 59 ], or located in L5, two in the front part of the leg below the knee, two in the lateral part of the arm and one in the sternum [ 45 ]. However, most studies propose the use of a single sensor that is generally located between the lower back between L4 and S1, depending on the protocol used by the investigators [ 18 , 21 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 55 , 63 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”