Motor output reflects the linear superposition of visual and olfactory inputs in<i>Drosophila</i>

Frye, Mark A.; Dickinson, Michael H.

doi:10.1242/jeb.00725

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The present results are consistent with those of previous tethered flight experiments on visual and olfactory responses in D. melanogaster (Frye and Dickinson, 2004a;Frye and Dickinson, 2004b). In those studies, flies responded to stimulation with an attractive odor by increasing wing beat frequency and amplitude.…”

Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Under that condition, D. melanogaster consistently exhibited the straightest upwind trajectories that we observed in any treatment, and thus seem to depart from the Baker model for moth flight in that flies' upwind response to an attractive odor does not adapt to constant stimulation in the short term. This finding is consistent with tethered flight experiments in which D. melanogaster increases wing beat frequency and amplitude in response to ongoing stimulation (Frye and Dickinson, 2004a) (S.A.B., unpublished observations).…”

Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In this study, however, we can relate olfactory stimulation to air speed, an index of force production. Airspeed increases following plume contact have a time course similar to that of the wing responses observed by Frye and Dickinson (Frye and Dickinson, 2004a;Frye and Dickinson, 2004b). Similarly, the tethered flight responses do not decay over a 5·s stimulation period, suggesting that the increase in force production does not adapt quickly to sustained stimulation, in strong agreement with the results reported here in the homogeneous cloud.…”

Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 71%

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Free-flight responses ofDrosophila melanogasterto attractive odors

Budick

Dickinson

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Many motile organisms localize the source of attractive odorants by following plumes upwind. In the case of D. melanogaster, little is known of how individuals alter their flight trajectories after encountering and losing a plume of an attractive odorant. We have characterized the three-dimensional flight behavior of D. melanogaster in a wind tunnel under a variety of odor conditions. In the absence of olfactory cues, hungry flies initiate flight and display anemotactic orientation. Following contact with a narrow ribbon plume of an attractive odor, flies reduce their crosswind velocity while flying faster upwind, resulting in a surge directed toward the odor source. Following loss of odor contact due to plume truncation, flies frequently initiate a stereotyped crosswind casting response, a behavior rarely observed in a continuous odor plume. Similarly, within a homogeneous odor cloud, flies move fast while maintaining an upwind heading. These results indicate both similarities and differences between the behavior of D. melanogaster and the responses of male moths to pheromone plumes,suggesting possible differences in underlying neural mechanisms.

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Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Odor-mediated Flight In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 71%

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Free-flight responses ofDrosophila melanogasterto attractive odors

Budick

Dickinson

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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207

200

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“…While it was surprising that the combination of multiple nonlinear processes underlying the visual-abdominal response yielded a linear transfer function, this observation is not unprecedented, with linearity in behavioral responses having been previously observed for both behavioral outputs (Roth et al, 2011) and the integration of sensory inputs (Frye and Dickinson, 2004;Hinterwirth and Daniel, 2010). The fact that biological systems, with their fundamentally nonlinear underpinnings, display linear behavior is not as surprising as one might think.…”

Section: The Transform Of Visual Sensory Input To Motor Output Is Linmentioning

confidence: 89%

Flexible strategies for flight control: an active role for the abdomen

Dyhr

Morgansen

Daniel

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

123

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SUMMARYMoving animals orchestrate myriad motor systems in response to multimodal sensory inputs. Coordinating movement is particularly challenging in flight control, where animals deal with potential instability and multiple degrees of freedom of movement. Prior studies have focused on wings as the primary flight control structures, for which changes in angle of attack or shape are used to modulate lift and drag forces. However, other actuators that may impact flight performance are reflexively activated during flight. We investigated the visual-abdominal reflex displayed by the hawkmoth Manduca sexta to determine its role in flight control. We measured the open-loop stimulus-response characteristics (measured as a transfer function) between the visual stimulus and abdominal response in tethered moths. The transfer function reveals a 41ms delay and a high-pass filter behavior with a pass band starting at ~0.5Hz. We also developed a simplified mathematical model of hovering flight wherein articulation of the thoracic-abdominal joint redirects an average lift force provided by the wings. We show that control of the joint, subject to a high-pass filter, is sufficient to maintain stable hovering, but with a slim stability margin. Our experiments and models suggest a novel mechanism by which articulation of the body or ʻairframeʼ of an animal can be used to redirect lift forces for effective flight control. Furthermore, the small stability margin may increase flight agility by easing the transition from stable flight to a more maneuverable, unstable regime. Supplementary material available online at

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“…imaginal conditioning | sensory adaptation | odor imprinting | JensenShannon divergence | chemo receptor tuning O lfaction in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is crucial for a variety of behaviors, including associative learning (1,2), courtship (3), foraging (4), and flight (5,6). Odorants are detected by approximately 1,300 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are housed in sensilla on the third antennal segment and individually express one of approximately 50 functional odor receptors in adults (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

Iyengar

Chakraborty

Goswami

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Olfactory responses of Drosophila undergo pronounced changes after eclosion. The flies develop attraction to odors to which they are exposed and aversion to other odors. Behavioral adaptation is correlated with changes in the firing pattern of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In this article, we present an information-theoretic analysis of the firing pattern of ORNs. Flies reared in a synthetic odorless medium were transferred after eclosion to three different media: (i) a synthetic medium relatively devoid of odor cues, (ii) synthetic medium infused with a single odorant, and (iii) complex cornmeal medium rich in odors. Recordings were made from an identified sensillum (type II), and the Jensen-Shannon divergence (D JS ) was used to assess quantitatively the differences between ensemble spike responses to different odors. Analysis shows that prolonged exposure to ethyl acetate and several related esters increases sensitivity to these esters but does not improve the ability of the fly to distinguish between them. Flies exposed to cornmeal display varied sensitivity to these odorants and at the same time develop greater capacity to distinguish between odors. Deprivation of odor experience on an odorless synthetic medium leads to a loss of both sensitivity and acuity. Rich olfactory experience thus helps to shape the ORNs response and enhances its discriminative power. The experiments presented here demonstrate an experience-dependent adaptation at the level of the receptor neuron.imaginal conditioning | sensory adaptation | odor imprinting | JensenShannon divergence | chemo receptor tuning O lfaction in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is crucial for a variety of behaviors, including associative learning (1, 2), courtship (3), foraging (4), and flight (5, 6). Odorants are detected by approximately 1,300 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are housed in sensilla on the third antennal segment and individually express one of approximately 50 functional odor receptors in adults (7-9). All ORNs expressing the same olfactory receptor project to one of approximately 50 glomeruli in the antennal lobe, where they synapse with a set of projection neurons (PNs) (10, 11). The activity of ORNs, either excitation or inhibition, provides behaviorally relevant information about odorants such as their identity, concentration, and source. The information transduced by an ORN is processed in the antennal lobe (12, 13) and sent via PNs to the mushroom bodies, which are believed to be centers for olfactory learning and memory (14, 15).Experience-dependent modifiability (i.e., plasticity) of olfactory representation at the level of the central nervous system is well known (2,16,17). Relatively little attention has been paid to long-term changes in sensory neuron activity resulting from odor experiences. It was previously shown that exposure of newly born imago to a particular set of odorants alters their responses to these odors (18,19). The flies develop an attraction to the chemicals to which they are exposed and an av...

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Motor output reflects the linear superposition of visual and olfactory inputs inDrosophila

Cited by 81 publications

References 36 publications

Free-flight responses ofDrosophila melanogasterto attractive odors

Free-flight responses ofDrosophila melanogasterto attractive odors

Flexible strategies for flight control: an active role for the abdomen

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

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