Motor neuron disease and multiple sclerosis among immigrants to England from the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, and east and west Africa.

Elian, Marta; Dean, G

doi:10.1136/jnnp.56.5.454

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was clearly demonstrated in our patients of North African Jewish origin. These findings are concordant with those reporting differences between Caucasians and African Americans in the United States [10,12,18] and among immigrants to England versus English-born patients [17]. A previous epidemiological survey in Israel described similar clinical features of ALS, but did not differentiate between patients of various ethnic origins [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Elian and Dean [17] noted that immigrants to England from the Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and Africa have fewer ALS diagnoses on their death certificates than would ordinarily be expected from the English population. They raised various possible causes for this difference, such as infections in infancy that leave lifelong immunity among people living in areas with poor sanitation or, alternatively, an infective or toxic factor that is more widespread in developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Earlier onset and shorter survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Jewish patients of North African origin

Drory¹,

Artmonov²

2007

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Earlier onset and shorter survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Jewish patients of North African origin

Drory¹,

Artmonov²

2007

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…The present study and our data from Australia and New Zealand [23] suggest that the seemingly more substan tial increase in female MND is due to the increasing number of older women as women on average live longer than men. Asians in England, especially females, have a very low mortality from MND [24]. If an increase in MND mortality will occur in Asian females, it will be an important epidemiological clue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Mortality from Motor Neurone Disease and Multiple Sclerosis in England and Wales and the Republic of Ireland

Elian

Dean²

1992

Neuroepidemiology

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A study has been undertaken to ascertain the changes in mortality from motor neurone disease (MND) and from multiple sclerosis (MS) in England and Wales and in the Republic of Ireland. During the 20 years 1968–1987, 16,077 deaths were reported as being primarily due to MND in England and Wales with a male/female ratio of 1.22. There has been an increase in MND deaths from 3,185 in 1968–1972 to 5,241 in 1983–1987. The increase occurred in the death rates in both sexes and in all age groups, but particularly over the age of 65. In contrast, there was no increase in MS deaths and the MS death rates fell below the age of 55 but increased over this age, evidence that MS patients are living longer. A similar but more marked increase in MND mortality, and a considerable fall in MS mortality, occurred in the Republic of Ireland. The increase in MND mortality is not due to an increase in the number of neurologists, as there has been little increase in their numbers. The highest MND mortality was in Social Class IIIN males – skilled non-manual workers.

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“…ural-born British subjects [7]. The findings from subsequent investigations into migration within the United States were less unequivocal, probably due to the improvement of hygienic conditions in the southern states.…”

Section: European Journal Of Microbiology and Immunology 1 (2011)mentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disorders — Similarities and differences

Füst¹

2011

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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After a brief summary on the properties of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the course and latency stages of the infection, the characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM), and other disorders caused by this virus, as well as the course of the serological responses to EBV, the current paper focuses on the role of EBV in two autoimmune disorders: multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Diverse evidence suggests that infection by EBV during late childhood or young adulthood may have a role in the pathogenesis of MS. These include the similarity between the geographical distribution of IM and MS, the high risk of contracting MS by individuals who have recovered from IM, the elevation of the titers of IgG antibodies against EBV nuclear antigens occurring years before the initial manifestations of MS, and the extremely rare occurrence of MS in individuals seronegative for EBV. However, the data on the mechanism underlying the relationship between EBV and MS are controversial. Moreover, many observations indicate that EBV contributes also to the pathomechanism of SLE. However, this contribution differs from the relationship between EBV and MS, as shown by the lack of any increase in the risk of SLE after IM. In SLE, EBV serology is quantitatively and qualitatively different from the normal response -that is, EBV viral load is higher and a strong cross-reaction can be detected between certain EBV antigens and autoantigens of pathological importance. These observations, along with the findings pointing to a possible role of EBV in rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis indicate that infection by EBV may be one of the environmental factors, which can facilitate the development of some autoimmune disorders in genetically susceptible individuals.

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Motor neuron disease and multiple sclerosis among immigrants to England from the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, and east and west Africa.

Abstract: The mortality from motor neuron disease (MND)

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Earlier onset and shorter survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Jewish patients of North African origin

Earlier onset and shorter survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Jewish patients of North African origin

The Changing Mortality from Motor Neurone Disease and Multiple Sclerosis in England and Wales and the Republic of Ireland

The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disorders — Similarities and differences

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