Motor Mechanisms: The Role of the Pyramidal System in Motor Control

Brooks, V. B.; Stoney, Susan

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.33.030171.002005

Cited by 144 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(205 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, both differences in time and velocity cues are associated with the illusion of extent. Current physiological data suggest that control sys- terns for displacement, speed, and the force of movements are intricately linked (Brooks & Stoney, 1971). This further implies that the force and, in the case where the mass of the limb is constant, the acceleration components of radial and tangential movements may also contribute to the illusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic properties of radial and tangential movements as determinants of the Haptic Horizontal-Vertical Illusion with an 'L' figure.

Wong¹

1977

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In four experiments involving blindfolded subjects, constant errors in the haptic judgment of extent in the horizontal plane were found to relate consistently to the time and velocity of limb movement. Radial movements, executed at a slower speed and for a longer time, are judged longer than tangential movements of equal extent. The data were considered in relation to certain physiological and kinematic properties of the actively moving limb. Taken together with additional information on judgments of movement duration, the results suggest that the illusion of extent is modulated by the perception of differential time cues. In these terms, it was noted that the haptic horizontal-vertical illusion with the L figure is another instance of the interaction of apparent space and time commonly found in studies of psychological relativity.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic properties of radial and tangential movements as determinants of the Haptic Horizontal-Vertical Illusion with an 'L' figure.

Wong¹

1977

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the context of the theory of columnar organization in the cerebral cortex (MOUNTCASTLE, 1957(MOUNTCASTLE, , 1979ASANUMA, 1975;SZENTAGOTHAI, 1975SZENTAGOTHAI, , 1978aPHILLIPS and PORTER, 1977;ECCLES, 1980ECCLES, , 1981RAKIC, 1981), tangential spread of inhibition has been interpreted as limiting excitatory spread so as to build up a sharp focus of cortical activity (LANDGREN et al, 1962;BROOKS and ASANUMA, 1965;BROOKS, 1969;OSHIMA, 1969;BROOKS and STONEY, 1971). It is conceivable that the newly found inhibitory spread at the middle layer also plays a part in this lateral or surround inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral spread of neuronal activity within the motor cortex investigated with intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation.

Ezure

Oshima

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1) Lateral spread of activity within the motor cortex was examined by means of analyses of the direct cortical responses (DCRs) and intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation (EPICS) using cat encephale isole preparations. 2) DCRs to the EPICS at a distance of 1.5-6.5 mm consisted of initial small positive (Pd) and subsequent negative waves (Nd). The reversal of polarity in depths occurred at 400-550 µm for Pd' and at 150-250 um for Nd as well as for the initial negative wave elicited by near EPICS, 3) Intracellular responses to distant EPICS consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP), disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). Depth distributions of cells with EPSPs at two peaks in laminae II and V-VI, with IPSPs mainly in lamina III, and with DF or DI in laminae V-VI were the same with those by near EPICS. The inhibitory effects of distant EPICS on middle layer cells were much greater than those by near EPICS. 4) No linear relations of the latency of EPSPs or IPSPs to the depth were seen for distant EPICS. Instead, the latency increased in proportion to the lateral distance in EPSPs at a slower rate than in IPSPs compared in superficial and middle layer cells. 5) Several routes for lateral spread of activity were postulated. Most conspicuous are the excitatory route via horizontal axons in lamina I and the inhibitory route via laterally running axons in laminae II-III, which produce overall excitation of superficial layer cells and depression of middle and deep layer cells. Their possible role in phasic cortical arousal was discussed.

show abstract

“…또한 연구의 결과로 제시한 평가들도 각각 달 랐다 [7] . 본 연구에 사용된 접근법은 기존 연구에서 추천되 었던 능동보조운동을 포함시켰으며 [38][39][40][41] , 연구 대상자의 특 성상 강직의 완화가 요구되었고, 지속적인 손의 수동 신전 이 능동적 관절가동범위를 증가시킨다는 기존 연구를 바탕 으로 치료 초기에 수동운동을 조합하여 시행하였다 [42] . [43] .…”

Section: 용한 연구에선 만성기 뇌졸중 환자 2명과 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자 8명을 대상으로 수동운동 프로그램을 사용하여 unclassified

Effect of Robot-Assisted Hand Rehabilitation on Hand Function in Chronic Stroke Patients

Park¹

2013

The Journal of Korea Robotics Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of robot-assisted hand rehabilitation(AmadeoⓇ) on hand motor function in chronic stroke patients. This study used a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines across individuals. Three chronic stroke survivors with mild to sever motor impairment took part in study. Each participants had 2 weeks interval of starting intervention. Participants received robot-assisted therapy(45min/session. 3session/wk for 6wks). Finger active range of motion(AROM) was assessed by Range of Assessment program in AmadeoⓇ, and test-retest reliability was verified using Pearson correlation analysis. To investigate effect of AmadeoⓇ, finger AROM was measured immediately after each sessions and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper extremity, Motor Activity Log, Nine hole peg board test and Jebsen-Taylor hand motor function test were assessed at pre-post intervention. Results were analyzed by visual analysis and comparison of pre-post tests. The test-retest reliability of Range of Assessment was good(r=.99). After robot-assisted therapy, finger AROM of participant 1, 2, and 3 was respectively improved by 18%, 3.6%, and 6% each. Hand motor function of participant 1, 3 was improved on all four tests, but not effect in participant 2. Robot-assisted hand rehabilitation could improve finger AROM and effect on hand motor function in chronic stroke patients.

show abstract

Motor Mechanisms: The Role of the Pyramidal System in Motor Control

Cited by 144 publications

References 95 publications

Dynamic properties of radial and tangential movements as determinants of the Haptic Horizontal-Vertical Illusion with an 'L' figure.

Dynamic properties of radial and tangential movements as determinants of the Haptic Horizontal-Vertical Illusion with an 'L' figure.

Lateral spread of neuronal activity within the motor cortex investigated with intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation.

Effect of Robot-Assisted Hand Rehabilitation on Hand Function in Chronic Stroke Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About