Motor Mechanisms and the Mechanics of Cough

Fontana, Giovanni

doi:10.1002/9780470755846.ch19

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The intensity of cough motor responses evoked by threshold capsaicin concentrations had not been assessed previously. Conceivably, with both agents, activation of the cough reflex recruits a considerable portion of the expulsive mechanism already at threshold level, thus allowing the achievement of expiratory flow velocities high enough to warrant effective airway clearing or removal of inhaled foreign bodies (Fontana, 2003;Fontana and Lavorini, 2006), thus providing a substantial safety factor. In real life, further needs of airway clearing may be coped with by small, additional recruitment of motor units in the contracting muscles and, perhaps more efficiently, by increasing the number of cough efforts (Fontana et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cough and ventilatory adjustments evoked by aerosolised capsaicin and distilled water (fog) in man

Lavorini

Pantaleo

Geri

et al. 2007

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Airway receptors mediate cough and ventilatory adjustments. Simultaneous assessment of cough sensory-motor components and changes in breathing pattern may provide insights into the receptor(s) prevailingly stimulated by inhaled irritants. Nineteen subjects inhaled capsaicin and fog up to threshold concentrations for cough. Cough intensity, respiratory sensations and changes in breathing pattern induced by the two irritants were compared. Capsaicin and fog cough threshold values did not correlate. Coughing induced by both agents was preceded by qualitatively similar sensations and by significant increases in minute ventilation and respiratory drive due to selective increases in tidal volume (P < 0.01). Cough intensity was similar with both agents. Cough frequency and the intensity of the urge to cough were higher with capsaicin (P < 0.01). The lack of correlation between fog and capsaicin cough threshold values suggests differences in the neural mechanisms activated. The selective increase in tidal volume suggests prevailing involvement of rapidly adapting receptors. The stronger sensations evoked by capsaicin may contribute to the higher cough frequency observed with this agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cough and ventilatory adjustments evoked by aerosolised capsaicin and distilled water (fog) in man

Lavorini

Pantaleo

Geri

et al. 2007

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…[14,21]), but these may be more appropriate to a research laboratory than to an investigative clinic.…”

Section: Clinical Analysis Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantics and types of cough

Chung

Bolser

Davenport

et al. 2009

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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The panel considered the different types of cough in terms of basic mechanisms and clinical manifestations; both experimentally and clinically cough could occur in single efforts and as 'bouts' or 'epochs'. There were different definitions of cough but, provided the definition used was clear, this did not seem to be a major concern.The methods available for determining the nature or type of clinical cough were discussed, in particular automated cough counting in the clinic and more sophisticated methods available in the laboratory. With regard to semantics, there has been great variation in the names used; this applies to nervous sensors for cough, to cough reflexes and epochs, to clinical names for cough, and to cough sounds. Some simplification and uniformity of nomenclature seemed desirable although, provided the use of a name was clear, little confusion probably existed. The panel felt that the cough nomenclature would evolve with time and would prove to be useful for investigators, clinicians and coughers.

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“…Basic characteristics of these behaviors are known (see e.g. [ 1 , 2 ]) including the complex movement of the larynx [ 3 - 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short reflex expirations (expiration reflexes) induced by mechanical stimulation of the trachea in anesthetized cats

Poliaček

Rose

Corrie

et al. 2008

Cough

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Fifty spontaneously breathing pentobarbital-anesthetized cats were used to determine the incidence rate and parameters of short reflex expirations induced by mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa (ERt). The mechanical stimuli evoked coughs; in addition, 67.6% of the stimulation trials began with ERt. The expiration reflex mechanically induced from the glottis (ERg) was also analyzed (99.5% incidence, p < 0.001 compared to the incidence of ERt). We found that the amplitudes of abdominal, laryngeal abductor posterior cricoarytenoid, and laryngeal adductor thyroarytenoid electromyograms (EMG) were significantly enhanced in ERg relative to ERt. Peak intrathoracic pressure (esophageal or intra-pleural pressure) was higher during ERg than ERt. The interval between the peak in EMG activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and that of the EMG of abdominal muscles was lower in ERt compared to ERg. The duration of thyroarytenoid EMG activity associated with ERt was shorter than that in ERg. All other temporal features of the pattern of abdominal, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid muscles EMGs were equivalent in ERt and ERg.In an additional 8 cats, the effect of codeine administered via the vertebral artery was tested. Codeine, in a dose (0.03 mg/kg) that markedly suppressed cough did not significantly alter either the incidence rate or magnitudes of ERt.In the anesthetized cat the ERt induced by mechanical stimulation of the trachea was similar to the ERg from the glottis. These two reflex responses differ substantially only in the frequency of occurrence in response to mechanical stimulus and in the intensity of motor output.

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Motor Mechanisms and the Mechanics of Cough

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Cough and ventilatory adjustments evoked by aerosolised capsaicin and distilled water (fog) in man

Cough and ventilatory adjustments evoked by aerosolised capsaicin and distilled water (fog) in man

Semantics and types of cough

Short reflex expirations (expiration reflexes) induced by mechanical stimulation of the trachea in anesthetized cats

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