Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before research can sprint forward

Madan, Christopher R.; Singhal, Anthony

doi:10.1007/s10339-012-0438-z

Cited by 74 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…At difference, temporal processing of a 500 ms interval or shorter is supposedly of a highly perceptual nature, fast, parallel and not accessible to cognitive control [29]. We acknowledge the possibility that the difference in the attention and working memory demand between the two tasks (sub and supra-second) might have influenced motor imagery ability detected in both our PD patients and healthy subjects in the supra-second time reproduction task [30,31]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Timing Deficits in Sequential Movements in Parkinson Disease Are Related to Action Planning: A Motor Imagery Study

et al. 2013

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Timing of sequential movements is altered in Parkinson disease (PD). Whether timing deficits in internally generated sequential movements in PD depends also on difficulties in motor planning, rather than merely on a defective ability to materially perform the planned movement is still undefined. To unveil this issue, we adopted a modified version of an established test for motor timing, i.e. the synchronization–continuation paradigm, by introducing a motor imagery task. Motor imagery is thought to involve mainly processes of movement preparation, with reduced involvement of end-stage movement execution-related processes. Fourteen patients with PD and twelve matched healthy volunteers were asked to tap in synchrony with a metronome cue (SYNC) and then, when the tone stopped, to keep tapping, trying to maintain the same rhythm (CONT-EXE) or to imagine tapping at the same rhythm, rather than actually performing it (CONT-MI). We tested both a sub-second and a supra-second inter-stimulus interval between the cues. Performance was recorded using a sensor-engineered glove and analyzed measuring the temporal error and the interval reproduction accuracy index. PD patients were less accurate than healthy subjects in the supra-second time reproduction task when performing both continuation tasks (CONT-MI and CONT-EXE), whereas no difference was detected in the synchronization task and on all tasks involving a sub-second interval. Our findings suggest that PD patients exhibit a selective deficit in motor timing for sequential movements that are separated by a supra-second interval and that this deficit may be explained by a defect of motor planning. Further, we propose that difficulties in motor planning are of a sufficient degree of severity in PD to affect also the motor performance in the supra-second time reproduction task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Timing Deficits in Sequential Movements in Parkinson Disease Are Related to Action Planning: A Motor Imagery Study

et al. 2013

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“…It can be argued that the entire purpose of the brain is to produce movement-the 'motor chauvinist' view (Wolpert et al, 2001), a particularly strong perspective within the scope of embodied cognition. While this is an extreme stance, there is evidence that motor processes-such as enacted actions, gestures, and exercise-are beneficial to cognitive processes (Madan & Singhal, 2012b, c). Here motoric processing can be viewed as a type of goaloriented behavior and in alignment with an approach motivation.…”

Section: Other Motivational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivated Cognition: Effects of Reward, Emotion, and Other Motivational Factors Across a Variety of Cognitive Domains

Madan

2017

Collabra: Psychology

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A growing body of literature has demonstrated that motivation influences cognitive processing. The breadth of these effects is extensive and span influences of reward, emotion, and other motivational processes across all cognitive domains. As examples, this scope includes studies of emotional memory, value-based attentional capture, emotion effects on semantic processing, reward-related biases in decision making, and the role of approach/avoidance motivation on cognitive scope. Additionally, other less common forms of motivation-cognition interactions, such as self-referential and motoric processing can also be considered instances of motivated cognition. Here I outline some of the evidence indicating the generality and pervasiveness of these motivation influences on cognition, and introduce the associated 'research nexus' at Collabra: Psychology.

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“…Imagining an action can involve visual, kinesthetic or both imagery strategies (e.g. Guillot et al, 2009;Madan and Singhal, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activation profiles during kinesthetic and visual imagery: An fMRI study

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to identify brain regions involved in motor imagery and differentiate two alternative strategies in its implementation: imagining a motor act using kinesthetic or visual imagery. Fourteen adults were precisely instructed and trained on how to imagine themselves or others perform a movement sequence, with the aim of promoting kinesthetic and visual imagery, respectively, in the context of an fMRI experiment using block design. We found that neither modality of motor imagery elicits activation of the primary motor cortex and that each of the two modalities involves activation of the premotor area which is also activated during action execution and action observation conditions, as well as of the supplementary motor area. Interestingly, the visual and the posterior cingulate cortices show reduced BOLD signal during both imagery conditions. Our results indicate that the networks of regions activated in kinesthetic and visual imagery of motor sequences show a substantial, while not complete overlap, and that the two forms of motor imagery lead to a differential suppression of visual areas.

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Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before research can sprint forward

Cited by 74 publications

References 151 publications

Motor Timing Deficits in Sequential Movements in Parkinson Disease Are Related to Action Planning: A Motor Imagery Study

Motor Timing Deficits in Sequential Movements in Parkinson Disease Are Related to Action Planning: A Motor Imagery Study

Motivated Cognition: Effects of Reward, Emotion, and Other Motivational Factors Across a Variety of Cognitive Domains

Brain activation profiles during kinesthetic and visual imagery: An fMRI study

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