Motor Factors in Voluntary Control of Cube Perspective Fluctuations and Retinal Rivalry Fluctuations

Washburn, Margaret Floy; Gillette, Annette

doi:10.2307/1414285

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The second subjective control measure was based on four 60-sec trials of which two instructed right-eye-dominant and two ins tructed left-eye-dominant trials were presented in balanced order. From the accumulated time in which the instructed eye pattern was, in fact, dominant (dominant time) and from the time in which it was suppressed (nondominant time), a measure of rivalry dominance control, similar to that used by Washburn and Gillette (1933), could be calculated with the following formula:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective attention and the control of binocular rivalry

Lack

1974

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective attention and the control of binocular rivalry

Lack

1974

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Figure reversal was believed to be due to the saturation of cortical neurons (Koehler & Wallach, 1944), but it is now clear that the phenomenon has much more complex determinants. For instance, it has been demonstrated that the subjective occurrence of figure reversal depends largely on being informed of its possibility (Girgus, Rock, & Egatz, 1977), that the frequency of the reversal process is a direct function of the ambiguity of the design (Riani, Tuccio, Borsellino, Radilova, & Radil, 1986), and that the reversal process is subject to conscious control (Liebert & Burk, 1985;Pelton & Solley, 1968;Washburn & Gillette, 1932).…”

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confidence: 99%

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

Brown

Thurmond

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

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Our findings indicate that preattentive processes, such as the filling in of homogeneously colored areas, discrete dots, or bars across the blind spot, take into account both the color and the form that stimulate the retina around the optic disk. Perceptual completion of the "junction" of two opposite colors facing each other on opposite sides of the blind spot was resolved by simultaneous segregation of the two colors at the location of a filled-in perpendicular line that suggested a boundary separating the two colors. Orientation preference and relative salience of one color versus the other determined which color was perceptually completed in a forced-choice situation that involved perceptual completion at the intersection of a cross formed by bars of opposite colors. A I-min exposure to these stimuli presented an ambiguous situation for perceptual completion of either color within the blind spot, and resulted in a perceptual "flip-flop" from one color to the other, much like the phenomenon that occurs in figure reversal. Instructions to speed up this reversal process led to a fivefold reduction in latency to first reversal.The organic machinery that hums continuously below the threshold of visual consciousness seems to process optical input in a way that rapidly reduces the complexity of the world around us. These unconscious processes give us a final, comprehensive representation (at least an analogy) of the external world. Several theoretical positions currently bear on our understanding of how this is achieved.

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“…It has been recognized for a considerable time that binocular rivalry can be affected by voluntary control (Helmholtz, 1925;Breese, 1901;McDougall, 1903;Washburn & Gillette, 1933;George, 1936).The extent of voluntary control may be measured by instructing the S to decrease or increase the rate of alternation for a given test period. A comparison of the rate under the "decrease" instructions with the rate under the "increase" instructions provides a measure of control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The effect of practice on binocular rivalry control

Lack

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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The effects of passive viewing and the practice of the control instructions, "slow rate" and "rapid rate," on a measure of binocular rivalry (DR) When the two eyes are independently and continuously stimulated with dissimilar monocular patterns the S perceives an alternation between the patterns that is known as binocular rivalry. It has been recognized for a considerable time that binocular rivalry can be affected by voluntary control (Helmholtz, 1925;Breese, 1901;McDougall, 1903;Washburn & Gillette, 1933;George, 1936).The extent of voluntary control may be measured by instructing the S to decrease or increase the rate of alternation for a given test period. A comparison of the rate under the "decrease" instructions with the rate under the "increase" instructions provides a measure of control. Meredith and Meredith (1962) found a highly significant effect of their instructional conditions of "rapid rate" and "slow rate" on the rate of binocular rivalry. The mean "slow rate" and "rapid rate" for their 24 Ss were 18.06 reversals per minute and 50.96 reversals per minute, respectively.Investigators have usually found an increase of BR rate with spaced practice but not during massed practice of passive viewing (Aafjes, Hueting, & Visser, 1966). Cogan and Goldstein (1967) suggest that "rest periods" during spaced practice provide a motivating factor for Ss to follow unintentionally inferred instructions to increase the BR rate. This would suggest that during spaced "passive rate" viewing Ss may, to some extent, be practicing some internally derived type of "rapid rate" instructions.It is also not clear from the literature what the effects are of passive viewing on BR control. It could be that "passive rate" viewing increases the familiarity of the S to both phases of the rivalry stimulus there by increasing the S' s ability to control the rate. On the other hand "passive" viewing may increase both the first rapid rate and slow rate when tested and therefore not affect BR control.Because of the lack of information on the effects of spaced practice of "passive rate" and the control instructions "rapid rate" and "slow rate" on the extent of control of binocular rivalry, the purpose of this experiment is to investigate the extent to which the control of binocular rivalry is altered by spaced practice of these instructional conditions. METHOD SubjectsSixteen males and 16 females were selected randomly from an introductory psychology class to serve as Ss. All Ss had normal or corrected to normal vision and were naive with respect to the rivalry situation and to the purpose of the experiment. StimulusThe rivalry stimulus consisted of left and right black fusion circles 58 mm apart, each subtending 9.5 deg at the retina. The black fusion circles were centered on square white fields, each subtending 28 deg at the retina. The white field was on a black ground providing a second fusion contour for the two fields. A black vertical line of 1 deg in width bisected the right fusion circle and a black horizontal line 1 deg in wid...

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Motor Factors in Voluntary Control of Cube Perspective Fluctuations and Retinal Rivalry Fluctuations

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Selective attention and the control of binocular rivalry

Selective attention and the control of binocular rivalry

Preattentive and cognitive effects on perceptual completion at the blind spot

The effect of practice on binocular rivalry control

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