Motor effects of strong auditory stimuli.

Davis, R. C.

doi:10.1037/h0055665

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With stimulus repetition, measures of auditoo startle exhibit, in common with orienting, a rapid decrement in initial response amplitude. This is true of cardiac acceleration in humans (Berg & Beebe-Center, 1941;Raskin et al, 1969;Graham & Slaby, 1973), short latency muscle potentials in humans (Davis, 1948) and rats (Prosser & Hunter, 1939), and whole body startle in both rats (Davis, 1972) and humans (Landis & Hunt, 1939). Dishabituation without increased intensity of cardiac responses (Berg & Beebe-Center, 1941) and muscle potentials (Prosser & Hunter, 1939) further emphasizes the importance of stimulus change to the startle system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in the Cardiac Response to High Intensity Auditory Stimulation

Eves

Gruzelier

1984

Psychophysiology

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A recently reported long latency cardiac acceleration to the initial presentation of a high intensity white noise stimulus was investigated further with pure tones. In three experiments (involving 128 subjects) marked individual differences in the secondary response were uncovered. Many subjects not showing acceleration exhibited a secondary deceleration. Subjects were categorised into Accelerators, Decelerators, and a non‐consistent‐change group on the basis of cardiac activity in a 17‐50 s poststimulus epoch. While both Accelerators and Decelerators exhibited short latency cardiac acceleration, it was of greater magnitude in the former. The long latency response is discussed with reference to a distinction between the defensive reflex and the fight/flight response. Discussion of the short latency response focuses on the startle reflex and the‘What's‐to‐be‐done?’component of the response to a novel stimulus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in the Cardiac Response to High Intensity Auditory Stimulation

Eves

Gruzelier

1984

Psychophysiology

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“…It is commonly assumed that WN affects arousal and some physiological evidence supports this assumption (Magoun, 1963;Davis, 1948; Berlyne & Lewis, 1963) but doubts about the unitary nature of arousal and its behavioural consequences must induce caution in interpreting the data. Uehling (1972), Craik & Blankstein (1975) and Eysenck (1976) reviewed the evidence on arousal and learning; they agree that there is good support for a positive relation between arousal at learning and long-term recall, and that the results for short-term recall are confused, differing for different experimental paradigms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high intensity white noise on short‐term memory for position in a list and sequence

Daee¹,

Wilding²

1977

British J of Psychology

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Seven experiments are described investigating the effect of high intensity white noise during the visual presentation of words on a number of short-term memory tasks. The findings were: 1. In a free recall task recall of items decreased at the highest intensity used (85 dB) compared with a quiet and a 75 dB condition. 2. In free recall, recall by category decreased and recall in the original sequence increased in the 75 dB compared with the other two conditions. 3. Recall of the position of words in the list increased as noise intensity increased, but only when the learning of position was incidental, not when it was intentional. It is inferred that the effect is due to direction of attention or change in the learning strategy. 4. Recall of the original sequence (as shown by the ability to give in response to a word from a list the word which had followed it in the original list) was superior in the 75 dB compared with the other two conditions, but only when recall of the second word was required, not when it had to be recognized among all the items from the original list. It is argued that this can be explained if noise intensity affects the strength of traces and hence the interconnexions established between them, on which retrieval depends. The results for position learning are compatible with the theories of Hockey & Hamilton (1970) or Dornic (1973), but the results for sequence learning cannot be explained by either of these theories. A final experiment confirmed a prediction from the above theory that when recalling the original sequence, omissions (recalling no word) will decrease and transpositions (giving the wrong word) will increase as noise level increases.

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“…It is likely that this session was in preparation for a series of studies that addressed the classic work of Landis and Hunt (1939) on the startle response (Davis, 1948b(Davis, , 1948c(Davis, , 1950Davis & Van Liere, 1949).…”

Section: The Davis Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of studies completed just before his death, he used muscle potentials to evaluate the response to feedback in rote learning tasks and discussed the observed somatic response patterns in relation to various learning theories (Berry & Davis, 2. In a 1948 paper, Davis (1948b) makes what now seems to be an understated nod to the future. In a footnote, he suggests that brain potentials might also be used to clarify the processes intervening between stimulus and response should the method utilizing muscle potentials fail.…”

Section: Muscle Action Potentials: Studying Psychological Processes Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quiet voice: Roland Clark Davis and the emergence of psychophysiology

Gabbay

Stern

2012

Psychophysiology

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Motor effects of strong auditory stimuli.

Cited by 64 publications

References 7 publications

Individual Differences in the Cardiac Response to High Intensity Auditory Stimulation

Individual Differences in the Cardiac Response to High Intensity Auditory Stimulation

Effects of high intensity white noise on short‐term memory for position in a list and sequence

A quiet voice: Roland Clark Davis and the emergence of psychophysiology

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