Motor development in 3‐month‐old healthy term‐born infants is associated with cognitive and behavioural outcomes at early school age

Hitzert, Marrit M.; Roze, Elise; Braeckel, Koenraad N.J.A. Van; Bos, Arend F.

doi:10.1111/dmcn.12468

Cited by 50 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…20 Recent studies have shown that optimal motor development in healthy infants is related to later cognition or language skills. 3,4 A common neural substrate is postulated to underlie the association between motor development in infancy and cognition at an older age. The basal ganglia, as part of the complex neural system of cerebral cortex-cerebellum-basal ganglia, have been traditionally known for motor control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Motor Milestones and Subsequent Development

Ghassabian¹,

Sundaram

Bell

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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Objectives We examined the longitudinal associations of age at achieving gross motor milestones and children’s development in a U.S. cohort of singletons and twins. Methods In Upstate KIDS, a population-based study of children born 2008–2010, information on age at achievement of motor milestones and developmental skills was available in 599 children (314 singletons, 259 twins, and 26 triplets). Mothers reported their children’s major motor milestones at ~4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months. At age 4 years, children’s development was clinically assessed using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-2). Primary analyses using multivariate linear regressions were conducted in singletons. We also examined the associations in twins. Results Later achievement of standing with assistance predicted lower BDI-2 scores in singletons in adjusted models (B per SD of age at achievement, −21.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): −41.5 to −2.2]). Post-hoc analysis on age of standing with assistance showed that associations were driven by differences in adaptive (B = −5.3, [95%CI, −9.0 to −1.6]) and cognitive (B = −5.9 [95%CI, −11.5 to −0.4]) skills. Analyses restricted to twins suggested no association between the age at achievement of milestones and total BDI-2 score after adjustment for gestational age and birth weight. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the age of achieving motor milestones may be an important basis for various aspects of later child development. In twins, key predictors of later development (e.g., perinatal factors) overshadow the predictive role of milestones in infancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Motor Milestones and Subsequent Development

Ghassabian¹,

Sundaram

Bell

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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“…Fewer normal postural patterns are associated with lower intelligence at school age (Butcher et al., ). The absence of variable finger postures is associated with poorer visual–spatial perception at childhood (Hitzert, Roze, Van Braeckel, & Bos, ). Finally, the overall movement character of the infant is considered normal when it is smooth and fluent, and abnormal if it is monotonous, jerky, stiff, or cramped‐synchronized.…”

Section: The Quality Of Spontaneous Movements Of the Infantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality of Spontaneous Movements of Preterm Infants: Associations with the Quality of Mother–Infant Interaction

Sher‐Censor

Einspieler

Daube-Fishman

et al. 2015

Infancy

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The assessment of the quality of infants’ spontaneous movements is a diagnostic tool for the young nervous system. We examined whether it relates to the quality of the interactions between infants born preterm and their mothers. Thirty‐nine healthy infants born preterm (Mage in weeks = 14.59, SD = 2.21; 38.46% female) and their mothers participated in the study. Infants’ quality of spontaneous movements was assessed using the General Movement Assessment according to Prechtl (Prechtl, Early Human Development 1990, 23, 151). A new measurement was employed to evaluate the following aspects of the mother–infant interaction: maternal sensitivity in the motor modality (i.e., when touching, picking up, holding, and putting down the infant), maternal sensitivity in the modalities of vocalization and eye contact, and infants’ positive engagement. Several aspects of infants’ quality of movements were associated with maternal sensitivity in the motor modality and infants’ positive engagement, but not with maternal sensitivity in the modalities of vocalization and eye contact. These findings suggest that the quality of infants’ spontaneous movements may explain some of the variability in the interactions between infants born preterm and their mothers. The results also highlight the importance of differentiating between the modalities of mothers’ behavior when assessing their sensitivity. Implications for research and practice with families of preterm infants are discussed.

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“…The relationship between the age of achieving motor milestones in infancy and subsequent development has been investigated in various areas, such as cognitive, communication, and personal–social skills . Most such studies have targeted major gross motor milestones such as sitting, crawling on hands and knees, standing, and walking alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%