Motor cortical excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Khedr, Eman M.; Elbeh, Khaled; Elserogy, Yasser M.; Khalifa, Hosam; Ahmed, Mohamed A.; Hafez, Mahmoud H.; Ali, Asem; El-Fetoh, Noha Abo

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2016.02.003

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This finding was consistent with that of Richter and colleagues, 21 who found no differences between patients with OCD (n = 34) and healthy controls. However, it was inconsistent with a recent finding by Khedr and colleagues, 33 which showed that patients with OCD (n = 45) had significantly reduced SICI compared with healthy controls. Greenberg and colleagues 19 also showed that SICI in patients with OCD (n = 16) was significantly lower than in healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Our finding of shortened CSP, a major inhibitory index, in OCD was consistent with previous results. 19,21,33 Furthermore, in our correlation analyses, shortened CSP was associated with prompt reaction time in a go/no-go task and early onset of OCD. In particular, after adjusting for depressive symptoms, the correlation between CSP and reaction time in the go/no-go task was significant (p = 0.013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Several limitations should be mentioned. First, although there was no difference in the degree of SICI between medicated and unmedicated patients in previous studies, 19,33 we cannot exclude the influence of medications on motor cortex excitability. All patients in the present study were undergoing SRI treatment, and some were on concomitant benzodiazepines or antipsychotics.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Kang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

jpn

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Background: Deficits in cortical inhibitory processes have been suggested as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). We examined whether patients with OCD have altered cortical excitability using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We also tested associations between TMS indices and OCD-related characteristics, including age of onset and response inhibition in the go/no-go paradigm, to examine whether altered cortical excitability contributes to symptom formation and behavioural inhibition deficit in patients with OCD. Methods: We assessed motor cortex excitability using paired-pulse TMS in 51 patients with OCD and 39 age-matched healthy controls. We also assessed clinical symptoms and response inhibition in the go/nogo task. All patients were undergoing treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We performed repeated-measures multivariate analy sis of covariance to compare TMS indices between patients with OCD and controls. Results: Compared to controls, patients with OCD showed a shorter cortical silent period and decreased intracortical facilitation. However, we found no significant difference between groups for resting motor threshold or short-interval intracortical inhibition. In the OCD group, the shortened cortical silent period was associated with a prompt reaction time in the go/no-go task and with early onset of OCD. Limitations: We could not exclude the influence of medications on motor cortex excitability. Conclusion: These findings suggest abnormal cortical excitability in patients with OCD. The associations between cortical silent period and response inhibition and age of onset further indicate that altered cortical excitability may play an important role in the development of OCD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Kang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

jpn

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“…As such (see Table 1), our OCD sample was characterized by comorbidities including general anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, oppositional defiant disorder and autism spectrum disorder, and we are not yet in a position to systematically assess the effects of symptom dimensions on the assessed network profiles. Moreover, the absence of effects within core motor circuitry is notable, given that OCD appear to be characterized by reduced resting and active motor thresholds (Khedr et al, 2016). Recent work in larger samples has suggested that OCD subjects show altered network profiles in supplementary motor and primary motor networks (Armstrong et al, 2016) though other studies have not reported similar effects (Harrison et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain network dysfunction in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by simple uni-manual behavior: The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

Friedman

Burgess

Ramaseshan

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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In an effort to elucidate differences in functioning brain networks between youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and controls, we used fMRI signals to analyze brain network interactions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during visually coordinated motor responses. Subjects made a uni-manual response to briefly presented probes, at periodic (allowing participants to maintain a “motor set”) or random intervals (demanding reactive responses). Network interactions were assessed using psycho-physiological interaction (PPI), a basic model of functional connectivity evaluating modulatory effects of the dACC in the context of each task condition. Across conditions, OCD were characterized by hyper-modulation by the dACC, with loci alternatively observed as both condition-general and condition-specific. Thus, dynamically driven task demands during simple uni-manual motor control induce compensatory network interactions in cortical-thalamic regions in OCD. These findings support previous research in OCD showing compensatory network interactions during complex memory tasks, but establish that these network effects are observed during basic sensorimotor processing. Thus, these patterns of network dysfunction may in fact be independent of the complexity of tasks used to induce brain network activity. Hypothesis-driven approaches coupled with sophisticated network analyses are a highly valuable approach in using fMRI to uncover mechanisms in disorders like OCD.

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“…However, magnetoencephalography (MEG) may offer some advantages over fMRI as it records neuromagnetic activity and enables tracking of neural activation with high spatial and temporal resolution (Ahlfors and Mody, 2019). Additionally, MEG can characterize the frequencies in which large groups of neurons fire during a particular task, including oscillations in the: delta (0.5-3 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), beta (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), and gamma (30+ Hz) bandwidths (Todd et al, 2014). Thus far, very few studies have used MEG to study neural response in OCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study

Nishat

Dockstader

Wheeler

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe ability to inhibit a response is a component of executive control that is impaired in many individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and may contribute to clinical symptoms. This study explored whether neural processing during response inhibition, measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), differed in a sample of medication-naïve youth with OCD, compared to typically developing controls (TDC).MethodsData was acquired from 20 medication-naïve children and youth with OCD (11.9 ± 2.1 SD years) and 14 TDC (12.3 ± 2.1 SD years). MEG was used to localize and characterize neural activity during a Go/No-Go task. Regional differences in amplitude of activity during a Go and No-Go condition between OCD versus TDC were examined.ResultsIn response to the visual cue presented during the Go condition, participants with OCD showed significantly increased amplitude of activity in the primary motor (MI) cortex compared to TDC. A trend towards decreased amplitude of activity in the orbitofrontal cortex in OCD versus TDC was also found during stop errors in the No-Go condition.ConclusionOur preliminary study in a small medication-naïve sample suggests that neural response within motor and orbitofrontal regions may be altered during Go/No-Go Task performance, and that MEG as an imaging tool may be sensitive to detecting such differences.

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Motor cortical excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Brain network dysfunction in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by simple uni-manual behavior: The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study

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