Motor and Dorsal Root Ganglion Axons Serve as Choice Points for the Ipsilateral Turning of dI3 Axons

Avraham, Oshri; Hadas, Yoav; Vald, Lilach; Hong, Seulgi; Song, Mi-Ryoung; Klar, Avihu

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2380-10.2010

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…These neurons, which are located in laminae V-VII, receive both proprioceptive and Aβ-LTMR inputs and send axonal projections ipsilaterally to motor neurons and the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt) (Bui et al, 2013;Goetz et al, 2015;Pivetta et al, 2014;Stepien et al, 2010). However, it is unclear if the dI3 axons projecting to motor neurons and the LRt are the same cell with axon collaterals traveling ipsilaterally in the dorsal and ventrolateral funiculus, or if there are two subtypes of dI3 neurons whose axons travel in the different funiculi (Alstermark and Ekerot, 2013;Avraham et al, 2010;Pivetta et al, 2014). Consistent with their role in grasping behavior, dI3 neurons synapse preferentially on motor neurons that innervate limb muscles over those that innervate axial muscles (Goetz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development

2016

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The spinal cord integrates and relays somatosensory input, leading to complex motor responses. Research over the past couple of decades has identified transcription factor networks that function during development to define and instruct the generation of diverse neuronal populations within the spinal cord. A number of studies have now started to connect these developmentally defined populations with their roles in somatosensory circuits. Here, we review our current understanding of how neuronal diversity in the dorsal spinal cord is generated and we discuss the logic underlying how these neurons form the basis of somatosensory circuits.

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Section: Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development

2016

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“…However, information regarding the detailed patterns and targets of their axonal projections is limited. We have previously used transient-transgenic chick screen of highly conserved human noncoding sequences and identified numerous enhancer elements that are expressed in dI1-dI3 of the chick spinal cord (Pennacchio et al, 2006;Visel et al, 2007;Avraham et al, 2009Avraham et al, , 2010a. Unilateral electroporation of these elements enabled us to direct the expression of a reporter gene in specific neurons in a spatio-temporal controlled manner, and to follow or manipulate axonal projections on both sides of spinal cord (Reeber et al, 2008;Avraham et al, 2009Avraham et al, , 2010b.…”

Section: Distribution Of Dorsal Interneuron Subtypes In the Chick Hinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Patterns and Targets of dA1 Interneurons in the Chick Hindbrain

Kohl

Hadas²,

Klar³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Hindbrain dorsal interneurons that comprise the rhombic lip relay sensory information and coordinate motor outputs. The progenitor dA1 subgroup of interneurons, which is formed along the dorsal-most region of the caudal rhombic lip, gives rise to the cochlear and precerebellar nuclei. These centers project sensory inputs toward upper-brain regions. The fundamental role of dA1 interneurons in the assembly and function of these brainstem nuclei is well characterized. However, the precise en route axonal patterns and synaptic targets of dA1 interneurons are not clear as of yet. Novel genetic tools were used to label dA1 neurons and trace their axonal trajectories and synaptic connections at various stages of chick embryos. Using dA1-specific enhancers, two contralateral ascending axonal projection patterns were identified; one derived from rhombomeres 6 -7 that elongated in the dorsal funiculus, while the other originated from rhombomeres 2-5 and extended in the lateral funiculus. Targets of dA1 axons were followed at later stages using PiggyBac-mediated DNA transposition. dA1 axons were found to project and form synapses in the auditory nuclei and cerebellum. Investigation of mechanisms that regulate the patterns of dA1 axons revealed a fundamental role of Lim-homeodomain (HD) proteins. Switch in the expression of the specific dA1 Lim-HD proteins Lhx2/9 into Lhx1, which is typically expressed in dB1 interneurons, modified dA1 axonal patterns to project along the routes of dB1 subgroup. Together, the results of this research provided new tools and knowledge to the assembly of trajectories and connectivity of hindbrain dA1 interneurons and of molecular mechanisms that control these patterns.

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“…We have previously utilized specific enhancer elements, and a Cre/ LoxP-based conditional expression system for tracking axonal trajectory of dorsal spinal interneurons in the early chick embryo [7][8][9] . In the current manuscript we have targeted the hindbrain and upgraded the experimental paradigm for labeling late embryonic hindbrain interneurons, axons and their synaptic targets, using a modified electroporation strategy and the PiggyBac -mediated DNA transposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroporation of the Hindbrain to Trace Axonal Trajectories and Synaptic Targets in the Chick Embryo

Kohl

Hadas

Klar

et al. 2013

JoVE

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Electroporation of the chick embryonic neural tube has many advantages such as being quick and efficient for the expression of foreign genes into neuronal cells. In this manuscript we provide a method that demonstrates uniquely how to electroporate DNA into the avian hindbrain at E2.75 in order to specifically label a subset of neuronal progenitors, and how to follow their axonal projections and synaptic targets at much advanced stages of development, up to E14.5. We have utilized novel genetic tools including specific enhancer elements, Cre/Loxbased plasmids and the PiggyBac-mediated DNA transposition system to drive GFP expression in a subtype of hindbrain cells (the dorsal most subgroup of interneurons, dA1). Axonal trajectories and targets of dA1 axons are followed at early and late embryonic stages at various brainstem regions. This strategy contributes advanced techniques for targeting cells of interest in the embryonic hindbrain and for tracing circuit formation at multiple stages of development. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Motor and Dorsal Root Ganglion Axons Serve as Choice Points for the Ipsilateral Turning of dI3 Axons

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development

Making sense out of spinal cord somatosensory development

Axonal Patterns and Targets of dA1 Interneurons in the Chick Hindbrain

Electroporation of the Hindbrain to Trace Axonal Trajectories and Synaptic Targets in the Chick Embryo

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