Motor and cognitive performances of parkinsonian patients in the on and off phases of the disease.

Girotti, F.; Carella, F.; Grassi, Maria Pia; Soliveri, Paola; Marano, Riccardo; Caraceni, T.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.6.657

Cited by 100 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results of PVP are reminiscent of the impact of dopaminergic medication on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease, which is also variable. While some aspects of executive function and working memory are improved following dopaminergic medication (Cooper et al, 1992;Lange et al, 1992;Gotham et al, 1988;Girotti, Carella, Grassi et al, 1986), others remain unchanged (Lange et al, 1992;Girotti et al, 1986) or even become impaired (Gotham et al, 1988). In the present study, PVP had a similarly heterogeneous effect on the measures of executive function and working memory.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Effect Of Pvp On Cognitive Executive Functioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Striatal Contribution to Cognition: Working Memory and Executive Function in Parkinson's Disease before and after Unilateral Posteroventral Pallidotomy

Jahanshahi

Rowe

Saleem

et al. 2002

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The basal ganglia are intimately connected to the frontal cortex via five fronto-striatal circuits. While the role of the frontal cortex in cognition has been extensively studied, the contribution of the basal ganglia to cognition has remained less clear. In Parkinson's disease, posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) involves surgical lesioning of the internal section of the globus pallidus (GPi, the final output pathway from the basal ganglia) to relieve the motor symptoms of the disorder. PVP in Parkinson's disease provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of disruption of striatal outflow to the frontal cortex on cognition. We assessed executive function and working memory after withdrawal of medication in 13 patients with Parkinson's disease before and 3 months after unilateral PVP compared to 12 age- and IQ-matched normals assessed twice with an interval of 3 months. The tests used were: Wisconsin Card Sorting (WCST), Self-Ordered Random Number Sequences, Missing Digit Test, Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT), and Visual Conditional Associative Learning Test (VCALT). After PVP, the patients performed significantly better on the Self-Ordered Random Number Sequences and the WCST, an improvement that was also observed in the normals across the two assessment and is therefore likely to reflect practice effects. Relative to the normals, the patients showed significant differential change following PVP on the Missing Digit Test and PVSAT, on which they performed worse after compared to before surgery, while the controls performed better on the second assessment. For the patients, performance on the VCALT also indicated deterioration after PVP, but the changes approached significance. The side of PVP had no effect on the results. The pattern of change observed 3 months after PVP was maintained at 15-month follow-up. The results suggest that striatal outflow to the frontal cortex may be essential for those aspects of executive function that showed deterioration after PVP.

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Section: Heterogeneous Effect Of Pvp On Cognitive Executive Functioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Striatal Contribution to Cognition: Working Memory and Executive Function in Parkinson's Disease before and after Unilateral Posteroventral Pallidotomy

Jahanshahi

Rowe

Saleem

et al. 2002

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Consequently, the existence of a temporal de®cit for SRT but not for CRT would support the idea that PD patients are impaired at using advance information. This prediction was corroborated in several studies (Bloxham et al, 1984;Evarts et al, 1981;Sheridan et al, 1987;Pullman et al, 1990) but not in others (Girotti et al, 1986;Stelmach et al, 1986;Lichter et al, 1988;Jahanshahi et al, 1992), thus leaving the issue unresolved.…”

Section: Pd Patients Are Able To Use Advance Information To Prepare Tmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…a more deleterious effect in AP than in DP). Experimental observations do not support this claim, especially in the context of reaching movements (Girotti et al, 1986;Stelmach et al, 1986;; for a review Gauntlett-Gilbert & Brown, 1998). Third, our data are not consistent in general with the hierarchical models underlying the choice hypothesis.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, our data from controls do not support the choice hypothesis. Indeed, in healthy subjects, multiple choice RTs have been shown repeatedly to be longer than simple choice RT (Hick, 1952;Girotti et al, 1986;Stelmach et al, 1986;Mahurin & Pirozzolo, 1993). Consequently, a longer RT should have been observed in AP than in DP if the number of choices was higher in the former condition.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal ganglia network mediates the control of movement amplitude

Desmurget

Grafton

Vindras

et al. 2003

Experimental Brain Research

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This study addresses the hypothesis that the basal ganglia (BG) are involved speci®cally in the planning of movement amplitude (or covariates). Although often advanced, based on observations that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit hypokinesia in the absence of signi®cant directional errors, this hypothesis has been challenged by a recent alternative, that parkinsonian hypometria could be caused by dysfunction of on-line feedback loops. To re-evaluate this issue, we conducted two successive experiments. In the ®rst experiment we assumed that if BG are involved in extent planning then PD patients (who exhibit a major dysfunction within the BG network) should exhibit a preserved ability to use a direction precue with respect to normals, but an impaired ability to use an amplitude precue. Results were compatible with this prediction. Because this evidence did not prove conclusively that the BG is involved in amplitude planning (functional de®cits are not restricted to the BG network in PD), a second experiment was conducted using positron emission tomography (PET). We hypothesized that if the BG is important for planning movement amplitude, a task requiring increased amplitude planning should produce increased activation in the BG network. In agreement with this prediction, we observed enhanced activation of BG structures under a precue condition that emphasized extent planning in comparison with conditions that emphasized direction planning or no planning. Considered together, our results are consistent with the idea that BG is directly involved in the planning of movement amplitude or of factors that covary with that parameter.

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“…A variety of cognitive fluctuations have been reported so far, but their analysis has given rise to controversy. [25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, in our study, patients described only subjective symptoms that are difficult to measure. Further studies are therefore required to correlate these subjective signs with a pathologic cognitive process on the basis of neuropsychological methods of assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%