Motives, frequency and attitudes toward emoji and emoticon use

Prada, Marília; Rodrigues, David L.; Garrido, Margarida; Cavalheiro, Bernardo P.; Gaspar, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.06.005

Cited by 121 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…As regards gender, studies have found that females produce emoji and emoticons more frequently than males do [4,9,30,37] and have more positive attitudes toward emoji use [30]. In a large-scale analysis of emoticons used on Facebook between 2007 and 2012, [29] found that gender and age significantly and robustly predicted the total number of emoticons posted, and that younger users and females posted more emoticons than older users and males.…”

Section: :3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Age Influences on Interpretation of Emoji Functions

Herring

Dainas

2020

Trans. Soc. Comput.

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An online survey, the Understanding Emoji Survey, was conducted to assess how English-speaking social media users interpret the pragmatic functions of emoji in examples adapted from public Facebook comments, based on a modified version of [15]'s taxonomy of functions. Of the responses received (N = 519; 351 females, 120 males, 48 "other"; 354 under 30, 165 over 30, age range 18-70+), tone modification was the preferred interpretation overall, followed by virtual action, although interpretations varied significantly by emoji type. Female and male interpretations were generally similar, while "other" gender respondents differed significantly in dispreferring tone and preferring multiple functions. Respondents over 30 often did not understand the functions or interpreted the emoji literally, while younger users interpreted them in more conventionalized ways. Older males were most likely, and younger females were least likely, to not understand emoji functions and to find emoji confusing or annoying, consistent with previously reported gender and age differences in attitudes toward, and frequency of, emoji use.

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Section: :3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Age Influences on Interpretation of Emoji Functions

Herring

Dainas

2020

Trans. Soc. Comput.

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“…Emojis are considered the evolution of emoticons, as more expressive and more capable of conveying emotional messages [ 33 ]. They strengthen the content of the message [ 34 ] and disambiguate the communicational intent, providing information about the personality of the interlocutor [ 35 ]. Further advancements can be witnessed in Apple’s introduction of memoj stickers for the iPhone in autumn 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“What you say and how you say it” matters: An experimental evidence of the role of synchronicity, modality, and message valence during smartphone-mediated communication

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, smartphone-Mediated Communication (SMC) has become a popular form of social interactions. The present experimental study manipulated three aspects of messaging in a WhatsApp chat as a form of SMC: synchronicity (immediate vs. time-lagged response), modality (with or without emojis), and valence (empathic accurate vs. empathic inaccurate response). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these three aspects had an impact on perceived social support, interpersonal trust, and personality attribution of the communication partner. The partial mediation of perceived social presence (the evaluation of the communication partner’s accessibility) and subjective social presence (the perception of being concordant with him/her) was also examined. Participants were 160 young adults, balanced in gender. They were randomly assigned to different the experimental conditions where they engaged in a manipulated WhatsApp chat with a fictitious same-gender communication partner. Post-questionnaire data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Message valence (empathic accurate response) and modality (with emojis) significantly predicted higher levels of both forms of social presence. Synchronicity (immediate response) predicted higher levels of perceived but not subjective social presence. Social presence, in turn, was positively associated with social support, while subjective, but not perceived social presence, was positively associated with personality attribution. Neither perceived nor subjective social presence were related to interpersonal trust. Our results show that both what is said and how it is said impact the experience of interpersonal relations in SMC.

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“…All the ratings were higher among younger (vs. older) participants. Results also showed that women reported using emoji (but not emoticons) more often and expressed more positive attitudes toward their usage than men express (Prada et al, 2018). Results of the past research showed that the use of emoji is not the same in all context.i.e., the use of emojis increases in dialogic contexts (Kaye, Wall, & Malone, 2016).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Emojis are found not only in social media applications, such as social networks, but they are also represented on a myriad of products (e.g., clothing, books, toys & games, office supplies and music videos) and are even main characters of a recent animation movie ("The emoji movie") (Prada, Rodrigues, Garrido, Lopes, Cavalheiro and Gaspar, 2018). Al Rashdi (2015) investigated the function of emojis in casual communication in the Omani culture and explores emojis as a venting tool in professional circles.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Emoji to Improve Female Students' Coherence in Writing at Qassim University

Qunayeer

RahmtAllah

2020

ALLS

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Writing is considered a very important learning tool for all content areas. There is no doubt that writing skill is essential for any kind of learning either at the school or the university level. Therefore, the present study attempted to explore the possibility of improving university students’ one of writing sub-skills, known as coherence through emoji. Coherence in the students’ writing was measured according to the students ability to a) use repetition to link ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, b)use transitional expressions to link ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, c) use pronouns to link sentences, d)use synonyms to link ideas and create variety, e) use parallel structures to link ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. The sample of this study was randomly selected from the Third Level female students joining the Department of English at one Saudi public university. The selected subjects were assigned randomly into control group and experimental group. After administrating the pretest for the two groups, the experimental group was given a six-week treatment of emoji meant for improving the writing sub-skill, while the control group was taught writing without using emoji. One week after the treatment, a posttest was administered to the two groups. Results revealed significant difference between the students’ scores in writing in favor of using emoji to improve students’ writing skills. Thus, the findings show the effectiveness of using emoji in improving students’ coherence in writing. The results were used to draw some conclusions and to suggest some recommendations for teaching writing using emoji. The results also recommend further researches to be done on using emoji to improve other language skills and sub-skills.

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Motives, frequency and attitudes toward emoji and emoticon use

Cited by 121 publications

References 71 publications

Gender and Age Influences on Interpretation of Emoji Functions

Gender and Age Influences on Interpretation of Emoji Functions

“What you say and how you say it” matters: An experimental evidence of the role of synchronicity, modality, and message valence during smartphone-mediated communication

Using Emoji to Improve Female Students' Coherence in Writing at Qassim University

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