Motives for the non-prescribed use of psychiatric medications: relationships with psychopathology, other substance use and patterns of use

McLarnon, Megan E.; Darredeau, Christine; Chan, Jessica; Barrett, Sean P.

doi:10.3109/14659891.2013.845697

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Analysis of a large general population sample in the U.S. found that the association between anxiety disorders and SHA use disorder was stronger among women relative to men; however, the association between panic disorder without agoraphobia and sedative dependence was higher among men (Conway et al, 2006). Findings that gender moderates the association between psychiatric disorders/vulnerabilities and benzodiazepine misuse are consistent with data suggesting that women are more likely than men to misuse benzodiazepines to cope with negative affect (Boyd et al, 2015;Kokkevi et al, 2008;McCabe et al, 2009;McCabe and Cranford, 2012;McLarnon et al, 2014;Terry-McElrath et al, 2009).…”

Section: Psychiatric Comorbidity and Affectivesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Administration.-Oral route of administration, or swallowing a pill, is by far the most common route of administration (Brandt et al, 2014a;McLarnon et al, 2014;Pauly et al, 2012). Intranasal benzodiazepine misuse is the second most common route of administration, with approximately 10% of college students (Brandt et al, 2014a) and 45% of young adults with recent prescription drug misuse (Lankenau et al, 2012a) reporting lifetime intranasal use.…”

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding that self-treatment or coping motives are the most common reasons for benzodiazepine misuse has been replicated across heterogenous samples (see Supplementary Materials). However, benzodiazepines are also misused out of curiosity (Chen et al, 2011;Kapil et al, 2014;Kokkevi et al, 2008;Liebrenz et al, 2015) and for recreational motives, such as to get high (Boyd et al, 2006;Brandt et al, 2014b;Calhoun et al, 1996;Johnston and O'Malley, 1986;Kecojevic et al, 2015a;Kelly et al, 2015b;McCabe et al, 2009;McLarnon et al, 2014;Nattala et al, 2011;Nattala et al, 2012;Quintero et al, 2006;Rigg and Ibanez, 2010;Silva et al, 2013a;Terry-McElrath et al, 2009) and to modify the effects of other substances (Section 3.4.5.). Notably, those who report recreational motives also display more problematic use, such as combining benzodiazepines with other substances, reporting greater substance use severity, taking higher doses, taking benzodiazepines by nonoral routes of administration, and illicitly purchasing benzodiazepines (Fatseas et al, 2009;McCabe et al, 2009;McCabe and Cranford, 2012;McLarnon et al, 2014;Stein et al, 2016).…”

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Votaw

Geyer

Rieselbach

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

288

214

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Background: Benzodiazepine misuse is a growing public health problem, with increases in benzodiazepine-related overdose deaths and emergency room visits in recent years. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this emergent problem. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies on benzodiazepine misuse to identify key findings, limitations, and future directions for research. Methods: PubMed and PsychINFO databases were searched through February 2019 for peerreviewed publications on benzodiazepine misuse (e.g., use without a prescription; at a higher frequency or dose than prescribed). Eligibility criteria included human studies that focused on the prevalence, trends, correlates, motives, patterns, sources, and consequences of benzodiazepine misuse. Results: The search identified 1,970 publications, and 351 articles were eligible for data extraction and inclusion. In 2017, benzodiazepines and other tranquilizers were the third most commonly used illicit or prescription drug in the U.S. (approximately 2.2% of the population). Worldwide rates of misuse appear to be similar to those reported in the U.S. Factors associated with misuse include other substance use, receipt of a benzodiazepine prescription, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Benzodiazepine misuse encompasses heterogeneous presentations of motives, patterns, and sources. Moreover, misuse is associated with myriad poor outcomes, including mortality, HIV/HCV risk behaviors, poor self-reported quality of life, criminality, and continued substance use during treatment.

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Section: Psychiatric Comorbidity and Affectivesupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Route Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Votaw

Geyer

Rieselbach

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

288

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Often, recreational use of sedatives is part of a pattern of polysubstance abuse (Ashton, 2004). Reasons given for recreational use of sedatives include the sense of euphoria achieved from intra venous use or high doses of sedatives, such as benzodiazepines (Ashton, 2005); offsetting the nega tive effects of another substance, such as cocaine or methamphetamine (McLarnon, Darredeau, Chan, & Barrett, 2014); or increasing the intoxicating effects of another drug. When treating sedative use disorder, it is important to consider whether there is also the need to treat a cooccurring disorder.…”

Section: Integrated Approaches For Addressing Common Comorbid Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological treatment of sedative and anxiolytic use disorders.

Heads¹,

Weaver²,

Lopez-Gamundi³

2019

APA Handbook of Psychopharmacology.

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Associations between emotional reactivity to stress and adolescent substance use: Differences by sex and valence

Rahal,

Bower,

Irwin

et al. 2024

Stress and Health

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Although stress is often related to substance use, it remains unclear whether substance use is related to individual differences in how adolescents respond to stress. Therefore the present study examined associations between substance use and daily emotional reactivity to stress within a year across adolescence. Adolescents (N = 330; Mage = 16.40, SD = 0.74 at study entry; n = 186 female; n = 138 Latine; n = 101 European American; n = 72 Asian American; n = 19 identifying as another ethnicity including African American and Middle Eastern) completed a longitudinal study, including three assessments between the 10th grade and 3‐years post‐high school. At each assessment, participants reported frequency of alcohol and cannabis use and the number of substances they had ever used. They also completed 15 daily checklists, in which they reported the number of daily arguments and their daily emotion. Multilevel models suggested that more frequent alcohol and cannabis use were related to attenuated positive emotional reactivity to daily stress (i.e., smaller declines in positive emotion on days when they experienced more arguments) for both male and female adolescents. Associations for negative emotional reactivity to stress varied by sex; more frequent alcohol use and use of more substances in one's lifetime were related to greater anxious emotional reactivity to stress among female adolescents, whereas more frequent alcohol and cannabis use and higher lifetime substance use were related to attenuated depressive emotional reactivity to stress among male adolescents. Taken together, substance use was related to emotional reactivity to daily stress within the same year during adolescence, although associations differed by valence and adolescent sex.

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Motives for the non-prescribed use of psychiatric medications: relationships with psychopathology, other substance use and patterns of use

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review

Pharmacological treatment of sedative and anxiolytic use disorders.

Associations between emotional reactivity to stress and adolescent substance use: Differences by sex and valence

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