Motives driving gaze and walking decisions

Domínguez-Zamora, F. Javier; Marigold, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.069

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We speculate that pedestrians were more uncertain about the motions of distracted walkers than they were of nondistracted ones, so that they have to continue to seek information. This idea is consistent with studies on decision-making in sensorimotor locomotion control, according to which people explore the environment with their eyes to navigate and dedicate more of their visual resources on uncertain locations to gain information [30,31]. This explanation has usually been applied to uncertainty regarding the stability of an environment (e.g., whether terrain is flat [certain] or rocky [uncertain]); however, it could be applied to the uncertainty regarding the dynamics of an environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We therefore investigated the relationship between gaze and which side was chosen for passing. It is well-known that humans tend to gaze at a future moving direction to gain advance information before taking action [28-31]. In our experiments, pedestrians looked all over the body of an oncoming pedestrian at the initial stage of the trial (i.e., distance section 700–800 cm in Figure 4A), probably to gain information to anticipate that person’s behavior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, walking in a straight line would minimize energetic cost and time to reach the destination, but may result in a situation where a collision is imminent. Making sharp turns in response to this situation eventually would require active muscular intervention and disturb the preferred gait cycle [31]. Hence, pedestrians must coordinate their motions constantly through real-time negotiation to make a trade-off between the efficiency of the preferred walking path and the need to move laterally to avoid collisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous behavioral coordination between pedestrians emerges through mutual anticipation rather than mutual gaze

Murakami

Tomaru

Feliciani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Human activities are often performed together between two or more persons, as if they are a complex dance. Threading through a crowd is a striking example of such coordinated actions. Behavioral coordination should help to reduce head-on collisions, smooth a pedestrian's pathway through a crowd, and promote a self-organization process. Although mutual anticipation between pedestrians would be a candidate for underlying mechanisms of behavioral coordination, it remains largely unexplored, especially in terms of visual information. Here, we investigated the effects of mutual anticipation between a pair of pedestrians performing simple avoidance tasks using a combination of motion- and eye-tracking systems. We found that pedestrians in a baseline condition spontaneously coordinated their walking speed and angle until passing each other. Visually distracting one of the pedestrians decreased the level of behavioral coordination, indicating that spontaneous coordination emerges through mutual anticipation. Importantly, blocking the pedestrians' gaze information alone did not alter their walking, clearly ruling out the assumption that mutual gaze impacts pedestrian anticipation behavior. Moreover, eye-movement analysis demonstrated that the direction of a pedestrian's gaze changed depending on the uncertainty of the oncoming pedestrian's motion and that pedestrians tend to look ahead toward the ultimate passing direction before they actually walked in that direction. We propose that body motion cues may be sufficient and available for implicit negotiation on potential future motions. Our findings should be useful in various fields, including research on improvisational motions, pedestrian transportation, and robotic navigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spontaneous behavioral coordination between pedestrians emerges through mutual anticipation rather than mutual gaze

Murakami

Tomaru

Feliciani

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Any extreme extent of effort will interfere the ability of control, in other words, there are an optimal range to coordinate the relation between control setting and cognitive effort [9]. To this aim, the research of [24] confirms a balanced mode could ensure the foot-placement accuracy based on the effort of body movement and eye-movement strategies, but still have not a quantitative metric. As far as we are concerned, it is necessary to present an information-theoretic tool, the balance of information processing (BoIP) to solve this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is not lots of studies about information processing. They pay more attention to the behavioral changes after humans have received and processed information [23,24].Thus especially, we propose a novel metric for information processing, where one of the factors is the control setting that a pattern of eye-movement strategies could characterize [25]. For instance, the humans prefer to adjust the fixation oriented toward the location with multiple relevant or effective information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement based information system indicates human behavior in virtual driving

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Humans modulate the behavior flexibly after timely receiving and processing information from the environment. To better understand and measure human behavior in the driving process, we integrate humans and the environment as a system. The eye-movement methodologies are used to provide a bridge between humans and environment. Thus, we conduct a goal-directed task in virtual driving to investigate the law of eye-movement that could characterize the humans (internal) and environmental (external) state measured by fixation distribution and optical flows distribution. The analysis of eye-movement data combined with the information-theoretic tool, transfer entropy, active information storage, quantify the humans’ cognitive effort and receiving information, and in fact, there is a balance (optimal) range between two, because of the mutual synergy and inhibition, whose quantified value is named balance of information processing. Subsequently, we update a system-level model, finding that those information measurements, transfer entropy, active information storage, and balance of information processing, all are included. This information set is information flow, which is quantified by the square root of Jensen-Shannon divergence (SRJSD), named information flow gain. What’s more, results also demonstrate that the influence of system-level information flow correlated with behavioral performance stronger than the separate measurements. In conclusion, we research humans’ eye-movement based on information theory to analyze behavioral performance. Besides driving, these measurements may be a predictor for other behaviors such as walking, running, etc. Still, the limitation is that the information flow may be a proxy of determinants of behavior.

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What would affect drivers’ stop-and-go decisions at yellow dilemma zones? A driving simulator study in Hong Kong

Zhao,

Gu,

Sze

2024

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Motives driving gaze and walking decisions

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Spontaneous behavioral coordination between pedestrians emerges through mutual anticipation rather than mutual gaze

Spontaneous behavioral coordination between pedestrians emerges through mutual anticipation rather than mutual gaze

Eye movement based information system indicates human behavior in virtual driving

What would affect drivers’ stop-and-go decisions at yellow dilemma zones? A driving simulator study in Hong Kong

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