Motivational Conflicts and the Psychological Structure of Perfectionism in Patients with Anxiety Disorders and Patients with Essential Hypertension

Abstract

Many studies have shown connections between perfectionism, motivation, and anxiety disorders (AD), as well as essential hypertension (EH). The objective of this study is to examine the connections between motivation and the structure of perfectionism in AD patients and EH patients compared to healthy individuals. Projective and semi-projective tests (thematic apperception test (TAT) of Heckhausen, Multi-Motive Grid) were used to measure motivation, while a perfectionism questionnaire by Hewitt and Flett was used to determine perfectionism levels. The participants were 21 AD patients, 21 EH patients, and 33 healthy individuals. EH patients show higher level of other-oriented perfectionism, and AD patients demonstrate increased levels of self-oriented perfectionism compared to the healthy group. Both groups of patients are motivated by fear of failure rather than hope for success, and they also demonstrate an increased fear of rejection. AD patients have an increased fear of power of other people. In EH patients, the fear of power seems to play a significant role as it correlates with many other variables. In EH patients, the other-oriented perfectionism is connected to achievement motivation, whereas in AD patients the same is true for socially prescribed perfectionism. Overall, studying motivation and perfectionism in relation to various disorders seems to offer research prospects.

Exploring fear of happiness among university students: The role of perfectionism, academic burnout, loneliness, and hopelessness

“…Our result can be explained by the finding that adaptive perfectionism is associated with a higher desire for personal control (Flett, Hewitt, Blankstein & Mosher, 1995). On the other hand, a greater fear of rejection (Pervichko, Babaev, Podstreshnaya & Zinchenko, 2020) due to a motivation to appear perfect can explain the increased fear of happiness for maladaptive perfectionists.…”

“…Outside of high standards, perfectionistic individuals also appear to have high levels of emotional involvement. Some studies have found a connection between perfectionism and fear of failure (Pervichko, Babaev, Podstreshnaya & Zinchenko, 2020). Experiencing rumination and catastrophizing in a stressful situation is frequent as well (Reinhardt, T oth & Kenneth, 2019).…”

The network structure of depressive symptomatology in Peruvian adults with arterial hypertension

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Effect of comprehensive psychosomatic promotion in hypertension patients with anxiety and depression based on community

“…Hypertensive patients often experience negative emotions with anxiety and depression during treatment and are often in a state of survival, further exacerbating their negative emotions. [ 12 ] Thus, to solve these negative emotions is a key in improving the quality of life. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is mainly use to explore the effectiveness of treatment of hypertension with anxiety and depression, [ 13 – 15 ] reducing stress through mindfulness, and adjusting the psychology to achieve the effect of reducing blood pressure.…”