Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

White, Robert W.

doi:10.1037/h0040934

Cited by 4,731 publications

(1,370 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Lutfey and Freese's (2005) ethnography identifies many mechanisms by which the C of low SES diabetic patients would not result in highly efficacious self-management of their diseases. Indeed, because of such experiences, it would hardly be surprising if the C of low SES patients decreased, which would further undermine their health, consistent with the negative feedback cycle posited by White's (1959) original model of "effectance motivation," a pattern that we refer to as "double disablement." This case study also raises questions about cross-national differences in health care policies: To the extent that national policies result in uneven access to care and quality of care, the C of patients with less access and quality may be less efficacious and, in turn, discourage future C behaviors.…”

Section: The Disabling and Double Disablement Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model.

Shanahan¹,

Hill²,

Roberts³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

188

171

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The Conscientiousness (C) of the self and significant others influences health by way of mediational chains involving socioeconomic attainment, the avoidance and neutralization of stressors, the promotion of health behaviors and the minimization of risk behaviors, and the management of symptoms and diseases. Yet, meta-analyses reveal that these associations are moderated by factors that are not well understood. We propose the Life Course of Personality Model (LCP Model), which comprises a series of hypotheses that suggest how such mediational chains are subject to 2 sources of contingency. First, the mechanisms by which C translates into health and the avoidance of risk change from early childhood to late adulthood, involving processes that are specific to phases of the life course; also, however, C influences health by way of continuous processes extending over many decades of life. Second, C may be more consequential in some social contexts than in others, and when accompanied by some constellations of personality characteristics than by others. That is, the mediational processes by which C translates into health and the avoidance of disease are likely moderated by timing, social context (including the C of others), and other aspects of the individual's personality. We consider methodological implications of the LCP Model.

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Section: The Disabling and Double Disablement Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model.

Shanahan¹,

Hill²,

Roberts³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

188

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Instead, SDT argues that this inherent nature requires specific nutrients, in the form of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In brief, competence refers to the experience of a sense of effectiveness in interacting with one's environment (White, 1959); relatedness satisfaction concerns the experience of love and care by significant others (Baumeister & Leary, 1995;Deci & Ryan, 1985); finally, autonomy, perhaps the most debated and studied need in SDT, refers to the experience of volition and the self-endorsement of one's activity . Just as plants need water and sunshine to grow and to flower, the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs is deemed essential to psychological thriving (Ryan, 1995).…”

Section: The Crux Of Self-determination Theory: Need Satisfaction Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

Vansteenkiste

Ryan

2013

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

1,460

143

1,432

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Humans have a potential for growth, integration, and well-being, while also being vulnerable to defensiveness, aggression, and ill-being. Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000b) argues that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness both fosters immediate well being and strengthens inner resources contributing to subsequent resilience, whereas need frustration evokes ill-being and increased vulnerabilities for defensiveness and psychopathology. We briefly review recent research indicating how contextual need support and the experience of need satisfaction promote well-being and different growth manifestations (e.g., intrinsic motivation, internalization), as well as a rapidly growing body of work relating need thwarting and need frustration to ill-being, pursuit of need substitutes, and various forms of maladaptive functioning. Finally, we discuss research on differences in autonomous self-regulation and mindfulness, which serve as factors of resilience.

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“…According to its development, it is possible to divide competencies into three main development phases. The first phase consists of individual competencies (White, 1959;McClelland, 1973;Boyatzis, 1982;Schroder, 1989;Woodruffe, 1992;Spencer & Spencer, 1993;Carroll & McCrackin, 1997). The second phase is based on the possibility of managing competencies in an organization by means of competency models (Mansfield, 1996;McLagan, 1997;Lucia & Lepsinger, 1999;Rothwell & Lindholm, 1999).…”

Section: Competency-based Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations

Königová¹,

Urbancová²,

Fejfar³

2012

JOC

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Managerial competencies identification and development are important tools of human resources management that is aimed at achieving strategic organizational goals. Due to current dynamic development and changes, more and more attention is being paid to the personality of managers and their competencies, since they are viewed as important sources of achieving a competitive advantage. The objective of this article is to identify managerial competencies in the process of filling vacant working positions in knowledge-based organizations in the Czech Republic. The objective was determined with reference to the Czech Science Foundation GACR research project which focuses on the identification of managerial competencies in knowledge-based organizations in the Czech Republic. This identification within the frame of the research project is primarily designed and subsequently realised on the basis of content analysis of media communications such as advertisements -a means through which knowledge-based organizations search for suitable candidates for vacant managerial positions. The first part of the article deals with theoretical approaches to knowledge-based organizations and issues on competencies. The second part evaluates the outcomes of the survey carried out, and also summarizes the basic steps of the application of competencies. The final part summarizes the benefits and difficulties of applying the competency-based approach as a tool of efficient management of organizations for the purpose of achieving a competitive advantage.

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Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

Cited by 4,731 publications

References 78 publications

Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model.

Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model.

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations

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