Motivation for diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 735-744 Motivation for diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate diet and exercise management and how indicators of intrinsic motivation such as ability expectations and values are associated with diet and exercise management among adults with type 2 diabetes. Background: Motivational problems are probably one of the main reasons for poor diabetes management. However, the mechanisms involved in the motivation for adequate selfmanagement are still unclear. Design and methods: A cross-sectional design including a postal questionnaire that investigated diet and exercise management as well as intrinsic motivational factors such as ability expectations and values related to these behaviours was used to collect the data. A sample comprising 425 adults with type 2 diabetes aged between 30 and 70 completed the questionnaire. Results: Reported diet management was more in accordance with recommendations than reported exercise management. Yet results indicated equally high ability expectations and positive values for exercise and diet management. Moreover, results demonstrated that ability expectations and values explained more variance in exercise (21.6%) than in diet management (7.6%). Conclusions: The modest association between intrinsic motivational factors and diet management may imply that there are important extrinsic factors that play a significant role in determining dietary behaviour. The combination of lower exercise activity than recommended and high ability expectations and values for such activity may reflect that subjective exercise norms are formed individually in accordance with what most people recognise as the appropriate level of physical activity. Finally, results may indicate that there is potential for improving exercise management by stimulating intrinsic motivation as well as by more clearly communicating recommendations for such management.

How motivated are patients with type 2 diabetes to change their lifestyle? A survey among patients and healthcare professionals

“…This is in line with previous studies [6,[22][23][24] that found that the level of activity was deficient in 51-82%. Oftedal et al [23] showed that patients with T2DM believed they had the ability to start exercise and diet management, but less than 10% exercised daily and 25% adhered to their diet daily. In addition, our results showed that patients tended to overestimate their physical activity level compared with DPNs.…”

How to measure motivation to change risk behaviours in the self-determination perspective? The Polish adaptation of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) among patients with chronic diseases

“…Sweet, Fortier, Guérin, Tulloch, Sigal, Kenny, Reid, 2009) or glycaemia management and lifestyle changes among patients with type 2 diabetes (e.g. Nouwen, Ford, Balan, Twisk, Ruggiero, White, 2011;Oftedal, Bru, Karlsen, B., 2011;Williams, McGregor, Zeldman, Freedman, Deci, 2004). It is worth noting here that supporting autonomy is promoted in practitioners' circles as an essential aspect of working with patients to facilitate healthy behaviour (e.g.…”

Perceived support from family and friends among adults with type 2 diabetes

“…1 The demands of these daily behaviours have been described as challenging and many individuals fail to adhere to diabetes management. 2 Effective diabetes management behaviours are hard to achieve and even harder to maintain, which suggests that people with type 2 diabetes are in need of support. Family and friends are often a part of the patient's everyday life; thus, it is expected that they play a central role in supporting people with diabetes management and they may influence the extent to which people with type 2 diabetes adhere to diabetes management.…”