Motivation enhances visual working memory capacity through the modulation of central cognitive processes

Sanada, Motoyuki; Ikeda, Kaoru; Kimura, Kenta; Hasegawa, Toshikazu

doi:10.1111/psyp.12077

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The general prospect of receiving reward can boost visual working memory capacity, most likely via an increase in motivation. When information about the amount of reward that can be earned is provided at the beginning of each trial, memory performance has been found to be better when a high reward can be earned than when a low or no reward can be earned (Kawasaki & Yamaguchi, 2013;Krawczyk, Gazzaley, & D'Esposito, 2007;Sanada, Ikeda, Kimura, & Hasegawa, 2013). Motivational value can not only globally enhance memory performance, but also modulate working memory for specific stimuli or features, with better performance for items associated with a high reward (Gong & Li, 2014;Klink, Jeurissen, Theeuwes, Denys, & Roelfsema, 2017;Thomas, FitzGibbon, & Raymond, 2016;Wallis, Stokes, Arnold, & Nobre, 2015), and worse performance for value-neutral items that are presented along with highly rewarded items (Infanti, Hickey, & Turatto, 2015) or items that were associated with a loss (Thomas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Motivational Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Separate and combined effects of action relevance and motivational value on visual working memory

Heuer

Schubö

2018

Journal of Vision

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Visual working memory contents can be selectively weighted according to differences in their task-relevance. In the present study, we examined the influence of two more indirect selection biases established by a concurrent task or learned reward associations: action relevance and motivational value. In three experiments, memory performance was assessed with the same color change detection task. Potential action relevance and motivational value were each determined by a specific feature of the memory items (location or shape, respectively) and manipulated orthogonally. Investigated separately (Experiments 1A and 1B), both selection biases modulated visual working memory. In combination (Experiment 2), action relevance and motivational value still each exerted an influence, but not in a fully independent and additive manner. While action relevance impacted performance irrespective of the reward associated with the items, an effect of motivational value was only observed for action-relevant items. These results support the notion that visual working memory is automatically biased as an inherent part of action planning. More generally, these findings highlight the versatile nature of visual working memory: Contents can be flexibly weighted to reflect differences in their importance, taking into account several sources of information.

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Section: Motivational Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Separate and combined effects of action relevance and motivational value on visual working memory

Heuer

Schubö

2018

Journal of Vision

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“…Not surprisingly, high motivation enhances performance (Brose, Schmiedek, Lovden, & Lindenberger, 2012; Krawczyk & D’Esposito, 2013; Roets, Van Hiel, & Kruglanski, 2013; Sanada, Ikeda, Kimura, & Hasegawa, 2013; Unsworth & McMillan, 2013). Neuroimaging data demonstrate differential processing when participants are extrinsically motivated through financial incentives.…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Neuroimaging data demonstrate differential processing when participants are extrinsically motivated through financial incentives. For instance, high reward WM trials significantly improved behavioral performance and modulated late-trial components of the event-related potential (ERP) (Sanada et al, 2013). Furthermore, extrinsic motivation differentially activates regions in the PFC and visual association regions (Krawczyk & D’Esposito, 2013).…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strategy and motivational influences on the beneficial effect of neurostimulation: A tDCS and fNIRS study

2015

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Working memory (WM) capacity falls along a spectrum with some people demonstrating higher and others lower WM capacity. Efforts to improve WM include applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in which small amounts of current modulate the activity of underlying neurons and enhance cognitive function. However, not everyone benefits equally from a given tDCS protocol. Recent findings revealed tDCS-related WM benefits for individuals with higher working memory (WM) capacity. Here, we test two hypotheses regarding those with low WM capacity to see if they too would benefit under more optimal conditions. We tested whether supplying a WM strategy (Experiment 1) or providing greater extrinsic motivation through incentives (Experiment 2) would restore tDCS benefit to the low WM capacity group. We also employed functional near infrared spectroscopy to monitor tDCS-induced changes in neural activity. Experiment 1 demonstrated that supplying a WM strategy improved the high WM capacity participants’ accuracy and the amount of oxygenated blood levels following anodal tDCS, but it did not restore tDCS-linked WM benefits to the low WM capacity group. Experiment 2 demonstrated that financial motivation enhanced performance in both low and high WM capacity groups, especially after anodal tDCS. Here, only the low WM capacity participants showed a generalized increase in oxygenated blood flow across both low and high motivation conditions. These results indicate that ensuring that participants’ incentives are high may expand cognitive benefits associated with tDCS. This finding is relevant for translational work using tDCS in clinical populations, in which motivation can be a concern.

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“…The results of this study contrasted with the study of Gholizadeh et al ( 24 ). It seems that the visual memory is related with various variables, such as intelligence ( 29 – 31 ), critical thinking ( 32 ) and motivation ( 33 ) that are not assessed in this study. Since the encoding zone, verbal memory and working verbal memory are on the left side of the brain and visual-spatial memory is on the right side of the brain, and given that the reference electrode was placed on the left side of the head in this study, and as a result, the left side of the brain was further under beta waves, perhaps it was more effective on verbal memory and was less effective on visual memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effectiveness of neurofeedback training on verbal memory, visual memory and self-efficacy in students

2018

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BackgroundMemory is the basis for the development of language skills and learning processes, and self-efficacy is one of the most important predictors of academic achievement.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effects of neurofeedback training (NFB) on verbal and visual memory and self-efficacy in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Rafsanjan, Iran). Twenty-six students without severe neuropsychological disorder, history of epilepsy and drug abuse were selected randomly and divided into two groups. First, the participants completed the Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale (MJSES) and then were assessed by Kim Karad Visual Memory Test (KKVMT) and Wechsler Memory Scale for verbal memory (WMSVM). The experimental group underwent 15 sessions of neurofeedback training (NFB) for increase in sensorimotor response (SMR) in central zero (Cz) and fronto-central zero (FCz) location at the psychology clinic Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Visual and verbal memory and self-efficacy were assessed by KKVMT, WMSVM and MJSES after completion of sessions and one month later. Posttest and follow-up of the control group were also carried out simultaneously with the experimental group. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistical and repeated measures ANCOVA. The significance level of examining the hypotheses was set at p≤0.05.ResultsThe Mean±SD of verbal memory in the experimental group in pretest, posttest and follow-up was 20±1.9, 22.58±2.1, 22.41±2.06 respectively (p<0.001, Effect size= 0.53).There were significant changes in short-term (p=0.001, Effect size =0.41) and long-term (p=0.001, Effect size =0.42) visual memory. The changes of mid-term visual memory and self-efficacy in the experimental group were not significant (p=0.135, p=0.062).ConclusionNFB is effective in improving verbal memory and some dimensions of visual memory. Further studies are needed to achieve better results.

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Motivation enhances visual working memory capacity through the modulation of central cognitive processes

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Separate and combined effects of action relevance and motivational value on visual working memory

Separate and combined effects of action relevance and motivational value on visual working memory

The strategy and motivational influences on the beneficial effect of neurostimulation: A tDCS and fNIRS study

Effectiveness of neurofeedback training on verbal memory, visual memory and self-efficacy in students

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