Motivation and motoric tests in sports

Abstract

Motivation in sport performance has been an interesting topic for many investigators during the past decade. This area can be considered from different viewpoints: motivation for participation in sport activity, achievement motivation, competitiveness etc. Motivation plays an important role in all out tests, as well as in sport activities and at all levels of competition. Motivation climate, or positive social environment may influence and modulate motivation of individuals involved in sports. Experience has shown that conventional encouragement and feedback during the test may affect its outcome. According to Wingate research team recommendations, verbal encouragement, as a motivation factor, was given to all examined subjects during Wingate anaerobic test, which is considered the most reliable test for assessing anaerobic capacity. The investigated group consisted of 30 young men--medical students, who were not actively involved in any programmed sport activity. The investigated group included second-year students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad chosen by random sampling. The Wingate anaerobic test was performed in all subjects, and changes of parameters when test was performed with verbal encouragement, were recorded The results show statistically significant increase of Wingate test parameters when conducted with verbal encouragement: anaerobic power (622/669 W); relative anaerobic power (7.70/8.27 W/kg); slope of the power (95.5/114 W/s); relative slope of the power (1.18/1.40 W/s/kg); anaerobic capacity (12.7/13.2 kJ) and relative anaerobic capacity (158/164 J/kg).

The effect of non-contingent and accurate performance feedback on pacing and time trial performance in 4-km track cycling

“…One of the proposed mechanisms for the observed performance improvement with correct feedback seen in this study is the theorised benefits to motivation that performance feedback provides 9 16. Recently, a new model, which incorporates the effect of motivation on performance, has been proposed to supersede the CGM and further integrate the use of the teleoanticipatory system into one central control mechanism, termed the “anticipatoryrating of perceived exertion (RPE) feedback model” 5.…”

Efeitos do estímulo verbal sobre o desempenho no teste de escada e ajustes cardiorrespiratórios em sujeitos saudáveis

“…Finalmente, testes anaeróbicos em bicicleta também sofrem influência do estímulo verbal 26 . Pesquisas que envolvem o TEsc não seguem um padrão de investigação quanto à variável de controle.…”

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“…During warm-up, the subject was told to give maximum effort from the beginning of the test, without strategically reserving energy. During the test we verbally motivated the subjects and tried to create a competitive atmosphere, because anaerobic tests depend heavily on the motivation of the subject (Karaba-Jakovlijevič et al, 2007;Vandewalle et al, 1985).…”

“…b) The possible effects of nicotine on 30-second maximum power. Positive effects may include: -significant increase in cardiac output and level of glucose in the blood (Benowitz, 2009;Benowitz, Jacob, Fong, & Gupta, 1994;Jessen et al, 2003;Turner & McNicol, 1993), -cutaneous vasoconstriction and systemic venoconstriction, allowing increased blood flow to muscles (Eckstein & Horsley, 1960;Rotstein & Sagiv, 1960), and -enhanced cognitive performance via reduced stress and increased motivation (Karaba-Jakovlijevič, Popadić-Gaćesa, Grujič, Barak, & Drapsin, 2007;Vandewalle, Peres, Heller, & Monod, 1985).…”