Motion of Single Bubble and Interactions between Two Bubbles in Liquid Steel

Wang, Guocheng; Zhou, Hongwei; Tian, Qianren; Ai, Xingang; Zhang, Lifeng

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-670

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…More recently, a water-oil-air system was established by Li et al [39] to predict the bubble size distribution in the plume zone, as shown in Figure 2. Xu et al [40] studied the effect of the wettability on the formation of separated bubbles using a water model, and the phenomenon of how coaxial bubbles coalesce and how parallel bubbles bounce in one-and two-nozzle systems was shown by Wang et al [41] in a series of water-based experiments. Ito and co-workers [42,43] studied the behavior of a single rising bubble, and its volumetric mass transfer under vacuum degassing condition was reported.…”

Section: A Mixing and Homogenization In The Ladlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al [41] cylindrical vessel (D120 mm 9 H80 mm) 1.5-mm, 2-mm, 2.5-mm nozzles water air motion of single bubble and interactions between two bubbles…”

Section: -Mm Nozzlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the effect of the wettability on single bubble formation was reported based on VOF model predictions and water model experiments. Wang et al [41] extended single bubble formation and rising to coaxial bubble coalescence and parallel bubble bouncing. Li et al [86] used the multiphase VOF model to simulate the flow pattern and the interface behavior of the molten steel and slag layer.…”

Section: Vof Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Liu

Ersson

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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This article presents a review of the research into gas stirring in ladle metallurgy carried out over the past few decades. Herein, the physical modeling experiments are divided into four major areas: (1) mixing and homogenization in the ladle; (2) gas bubble formation, transformation, and interactions in the plume zone; (3) inclusion behavior at the steel-slag interface and in the molten steel; and (4) open eye formation. Several industrial trials have also been carried out to optimize gas stirring and open eye formation. Approaches for selecting criteria for scaling to guarantee flow similarity between industrial trials and physical modeling experiments are discussed. To describe the bubble behavior and two-phase plume structure, four main mathematical models have been used in different research fields: (1) the quasi-single-phase model, (2) the volume of fluid (VOF) model, (3) the Eulerian multiphase (E-E) model, and (4) the Eulerian-Lagrangian (E-L) model. In recent years, the E-E model has been used to predict gas stirring conditions in the ladle, and specific models in commercial packages, as well as research codes, have been developed gradually to describe the complex physical and chemical phenomena. Furthermore, the coupling of turbulence models with multiphase models is also discussed. For physical modeling, some general empirical rules have not been analyzed sufficiently. Based on a comparison with the available experimental results, it is found that the mathematical models focusing on the mass transfer phenomenon and inclusion behaviors at the steel-slag interface, vacuum degassing at the gas-liquid interface, dissolution rate of the solid alloy at the liquid-solid interface, and the combination of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics need to be improved further. To describe industrial conditions using mathematical methods and improve numerical modeling, the results of physical modeling experiments and industrial trials must offer satisfactory validations for the improvement of numerical modeling.

show abstract

Section: A Mixing and Homogenization In The Ladlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al [41] cylindrical vessel (D120 mm 9 H80 mm) 1.5-mm, 2-mm, 2.5-mm nozzles water air motion of single bubble and interactions between two bubbles…”

Section: -Mm Nozzlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vof Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Liu

Ersson

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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show abstract

“…For the Euler‐Euler approach, the injection of continuous gas flow in the plume is treated, and the bubble size is set up as unique size . However, the bubbles interact in the plume, such as breakup, aggregation, and coalescence . Therefore, the size and shape of bubbles vary along the axial line from the gas inlet .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the bubbles interact in the plume, such as breakup, aggregation, and coalescence . Therefore, the size and shape of bubbles vary along the axial line from the gas inlet . Li et al combined the Eulerian Multiphase model and Population Balance Model to calculate the effect of the bubble coalescence and breakup on the size of the open eye, mixing time, and wall shear stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Euler‐Euler Approach and Euler–Lagrange Approach to Model Gas Injection in a Ladle

Liu

Ersson

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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The gas injection in a ladle using a porous plug is simulated using both the Euler‐Euler and Euler‐Lagrange approaches. The effects of various forces, bubble sizes, and bubble injection frequencies on the flow pattern are modeled. For predicting axial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, the Euler‐Lagrange approach fits better than Euler‐Euler approach with the measured data. In the Euler‐Euler approach, differences in axial velocities and turbulent kinetic energies for various bubble sizes mainly appears in the plume zone. In the Euler‐Lagrange approach, different bubble sizes with the same injection frequency have a small impact on the turbulence dissipation. Furthermore, the turbulent dispersion from the gas phase to the liquid phase has an important effect on the plume structure and spout eye formation. For both modeling, the smaller the bubble diameter is, the larger the axial velocity and turbulent kinetic dissipation are in the central zone. For the bubble coalescence and breakup, according to the comparison of two modeling approaches, the Euler‐Lagrange approach is more accurate in predicting the flow pattern for gas injection with a porous plug in the ladle.

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A Fundamental Investigation of Decarburization Reactions in the Argon–Oxygen Decarburization Converter Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics Databases

Chanouian

Ahlin

Tilliander

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Metallurgical converters such as the argon–oxygen decarburization (AOD) converter generally utilize gas blowing for the mixing and refinement of liquid steel. Due to the harsh environment of the complex and opaque system, it is common practice to study the stirring of the process through physical and numerical models. Effective mixing in the bath has an important role in refinement such as decarburization and has been vividly studied before. However, high‐temperature chemical reactions that also play a major role are sparsely investigated. With the help of modeling, a computational fluid dynamics model coupled with chemical reactions is developed, allowing the study of both dynamic fluid transport and chemical reactions. Herein, the chemical reactions for a single gas bubble in the AOD are investigated. The study shows that a 60 mm oxygen gas bubble rapidly reacts with the melt and is saturated with carbon in 0.2–0.25 s at low‐pressure levels. The saturation time is affected by the pressure and the composition of the injected gas bubble. The impact of ferrostatic pressure on the reactions is more significant at larger depth differences.

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Motion of Single Bubble and Interactions between Two Bubbles in Liquid Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Comparison of Euler‐Euler Approach and Euler–Lagrange Approach to Model Gas Injection in a Ladle

A Fundamental Investigation of Decarburization Reactions in the Argon–Oxygen Decarburization Converter Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics Databases

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