Motion coherence thresholds in infants––different tasks identify at least two distinct motion systems

Mason, Adrian; Braddick, Oliver; Wattam-Bell, John

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00077-4

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The experimenter used a variety of cues, including tracking movements, OKN, or fixation preference, to make her judgments, depending on what was most reliable for a given infant. Mason et al (2003) have reported that OKN measurements reveal earlier abilities and lower thresholds for global motion discrimination than traditional fixation preference measurements in human infants, and it might be that the early measurements based on OKN slightly overestimate motion sensitivity. Thus, the large variance of thresholds at this age could be due to the mixture of cues used by the observer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reflexive eye movements (OKN) to motion stimuli are identifiable in newborns (Volkman & Dobson, 1976;Atkinson, 1979;Naegele & Held, 1982;Mason et al, 2003). Psychophysical studies provide evidence for directional motion sensitivity within the first 3 months of life in humans (Braddick, 1993;Wattam-Bell, 1996;Dobkins & Teller, 1996;Banton et al, 2001; see Braddick et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tasks requiring integration of information may have a more prolonged developmental course. For example, Mason et al (2003) reported that thresholds for the detection of coherent motion were not yet adult-like at 27 weeks in humans. They used a pair of large random-dot motion stimuli in a preferential-looking paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Kiorpes

Movshon

2004

Vis Neurosci

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The development of spatial vision is relatively well documented in human and nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the development of sensitivity to motion. We measured the development of sensitivity to direction of motion, and the relationship between motion and contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys as a function of age. Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina, aged between 10 days and 3 years) discriminated direction of motion in random-dot kinematograms. The youngest monkeys showed directionally selective orienting and the ability to integrate motion signals at large dot displacements and fast speeds. With age, coherence sensitivity improved for all spatial and temporal dot displacements tested. The temporal interval between the dots was far less important than the spatial offset in determining the animals' performance at all but the youngest ages. Motion sensitivity improved well beyond the end of the first postnatal year, when mid-spatial-frequency contrast sensitivity reached asymptote, and continued for at least 3 years. Sensitivity to contrast at high spatial frequencies also continued to develop beyond the end of the first year. We conclude that the development of motion sensitivity depends on mechanisms beyond the low-level filters presumed to limit acuity and contrast sensitivity, and most likely reflects the function of extrastriate visual areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Kiorpes

Movshon

2004

Vis Neurosci

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“…Infants have been found to discriminate structure from motion random-dot displays by 7 months (Spitz, Stiles, & Siegel, 1993). At a more basic level of processing, the coherence threshold for the discrimination of a pattern made by moving dots is first measurable after approximately 3 months (Mason, Braddick, & Wattam-Bell, 2003;Banton, Dobkins, & Bertenthal, 2001;Banton, Bertenthal, & Seaks, 1999;Wattam-Bell, 1994). Fully adult performance appears to occur only in late childhood or early adolescence in both form and motion coherence tasks (Ellemberg, Lewis, Maurer, Brar, & Brent, 2002;Gunn et al, 2002;Lewis et al, 2002;Atkinson, 2000;Giaschi & Regan, 1997) as well as texture segmentation (Sireteanu & Rieth, 1992).…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Developmental Studies Of Global Integmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Sensitivity to Texture and Contour Information in the Human Infant

Norcia

Pei

Bonneh

et al. 2005

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Texture discrimination and bounding contour extraction are essential parts of the object segmentation and shape discrimination process. As such, successful texture and contour processing are key components underlying the development of the perception of both objects and surfaces. By recording visual-evoked potentials, we investigate whether young infants can detect orientation-defined textures and contours. We measured responses to an organized texture comprised of many Gabor patches of the same orientation, alternated with images containing the same number of patches, but all of random orientation. These responses were compared with a control condition consisting of the alternation between two independently random configurations. Significant difference potentials were found as early as 2-5 months, as were significant odd harmonics in the test conditions. Responses were also measured to Gabor patches organized either as circles (all patches tangent to an imaginary circular path) alternated with pinwheels (all patches having a fixed orientation offset from the path). Infants between 6 and 13 months also showed sensitivity to the global organization of the elements along contours. Differential responses to our texture and contour stimuli and their controls could only have been generated by mechanisms that are capable of comparing the relative orientation of 2 or more patches, as no local information at a single patch distinguished the random and organized textures or the circle and pinwheel configurations.

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“…In human and macaque infants perception of simple motion is present early after birth (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004). Perception of coherent motion and pattern motion develops later, i.e., ϳ7 weeks of age and matures through the first year of life in humans Mason et al, 2003), and between 10 and 18 weeks in macaques (Hall-Haro and Kiorpes, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

Distler

Hoffmann²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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The horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (hOKN) in primates is immature at birth. To elucidate the early functional state of the visual pathway for hOKN, retinal slip neurons were recorded in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN) of 4 anesthetized infant macaques. These neurons were direction selective for ipsiversive stimulus movement shortly after birth [postnatal day 9 (P9)], although at a lower direction selectivity index (DSI). The DSI in the older infants (P12, P14, P60) was not different from adults. A total of 96% of NOT-DTN neurons in P9, P12, and P14 were binocular, however, significantly more often dominated by the contralateral eye than in adults. Already in the youngest animals, NOT-DTN neurons were well tuned to different stimulus velocities; however, tuning was truncated toward lower stimulus velocities when compared with adults.As early as at P12, electrical stimulation in V1 elicited orthodromic responses in the NOT-DTN. However, the incidence of activated neurons was much lower in infants (40 -60% of the tested NOT-DTN neurons) than in adults (97%). Orthodromic latencies from V1 were significantly longer in P12-P14 (x ϭ 12.2 Ϯ 8.9 ms) than in adults (x ϭ 3.51 Ϯ 0.81 ms). At the same age, electrical stimulation in motion-sensitive area MT was more efficient in activating NOT-DTN neurons (80% of the tested cells) and yielded shorter latencies than in V1 (x ϭ 7.8 Ϯ 3.02 ms; adult x ϭ 2.99 Ϯ 0.85 ms).The differences in discharge rate between neurons in the NOT-DTN contra-and ipsilateral to the stimulated eye are equivalent to the gain asymmetry between monocularly elicited OKN in temporonasal and nasotemporal direction at the various ages.

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Motion coherence thresholds in infants––different tasks identify at least two distinct motion systems

Cited by 52 publications

References 19 publications

Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Development of Sensitivity to Texture and Contour Information in the Human Infant

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

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