Motion Artifact from Spot and Band Electrodes During Impedance Cardiography

We tested a conceptual model involving the inter-relations among affective decision-making (indexed by a gambling task), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in a largely impoverished, inner city sample of first through third grade children (N=63, 54% male). The present study hypothesized that impaired affective decision-making and decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic activation would be associated with higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, and that low sympathetic and parasympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task would mediate the relation between affective decision-making and child externalizing symptoms. In support of our model, disadvantageous decision-making on a gambling task was associated with ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms among boys, and attenuated sympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task mediated this relation. Support for the model was not found among girls. KeywordsADHD; ODD; Psychophysiology; Decision-making Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by problems with attention, hyper-activity, and impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which is defined by a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and oppositional behaviors toward adults, are relatively common in childhood (American Psychiatric Association 2000), and are associated with numerous negative correlates and sequelae. These correlates include deficient social problem-solving skills and impaired social functioning (Frankel and Feinberg 2002;Matthys et al. 1999), poor academic achievement Rapport et al. 1999), and co-occurring internalizing disorders Jensen et al. 2001). In addition, ADHD and ODD are related prospectively to substance use, poor academic achievement, conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial behavior (Masten et al. 2005;van Bokhoven et al. 2005), though the association between ADHD and CD may be accounted for by co-occurring ODD (Lahey et al. 2002;van Lier et al. 2007).Despite some similar correlates and outcomes, research has shown significant differences among children with ADHD vs. ODD in terms of cognitive functioning and academic performance Keenan and Wakschlag 2000), prenatal/perinatal complications (Harvey et al. 2007 Drabick et al. 2004), and family psychiatric history Harvey et al. 2007). Similarly, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and ADHDpredominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) subtypes differ in terms of correlates. For instance, the ADHD-I subtype is associated with higher levels of academic difficulties and internalizing problems, whereas the ADHD-H subtype is associated with social impairment, motor inhibition deficits, and externalizing symptoms (Eiraldi et al. 1997;Gadow et al. 2000Gadow et al. , 2004McBurnett et al. 1999;Nigg et al. 2002). Despite these differences, most studies compare ADHD-I and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I + ADHD-H), likely because of the relatively lower base rates of pu...

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“…Waveforms were collected using the spot electrode configuration described above (Qu et al 1986). PEP data were ensemble-averaged in Cop- 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HIC-2000 recorded RSA and PEP with a constant 5 V potential across seven electrodes that were pre-gelled and have a circular contact area with a 1 cm diameter. Disposable spot electrodes were attached to the child's neck, back, stomach, and shoulder (Qu et al 1986). Cardiac signals were monitored by and interfaced to a PCbased computer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

Bubier

Drabick

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Qu et al speculated that this substantial difference in the signal-to-noise ratio occurred because either spot electrodes produced a larger impedance derivative (dZ/dt) waveform or band electrodes were more susceptible to movement artifacts. Qu et al suggested that spot electrodes provide enhanced recordings given their larger signal-to-noise ratio and lower sensitivity to movement.Due to concerns regarding participant discomfort with band electrodes and the suggested potential for enhanced recordings using spot electrodes (e.g., Qu et al, 1986), several researchers investigated the equivalence of these two measurement methods. To date, five investigations comparing band and spot electrode configurations have been published.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, five investigations comparing band and spot electrode configurations have been published. The key features of these investigations are summarized in Table 1.The first investigation of spot-band comparability was conducted by Qu et al (1986). Qu and colleagues measured signal-to-noise ratios during a standing rest period and four different levels of physical exercise.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparability of Spot Versus Band Electrodes for Impedance Cardiography

McGrath

O’Brien

Hassinger

et al. 2005

Journal of Psychophysiology

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Although band and spot electrodes have been compared in prior research, they have not been evaluated (a) at identical anatomical locations, (b) during a single laboratory session, (c) with measures taken in close temporal proximity, (d) using a single impedance cardiograph unit, or (e) using sufficiently powerful statistical tests. Thirty-one healthy young adults completed a psychophysiological assessment which consisted of baseline, mental arithmetic stressor, and recovery conditions. Data from spot and band electrodes were collected by alternating between electrode types every minute of the experiment. Correlations between spot and band electrodes at absolute levels of all cardiovascular measures (cardiac output, impedance derivative, basal impedance level, Heather index, heart rate, left ventricular ejection time, pre-ejection period, stroke volume) were of high magnitude (r avg = .78), while the correlations for difference scores were lower (r avg = .50). Analyses of mean levels indicated spot electrodes yielded significantly lower values for the impedance derivative, Heather index, and basal impedance, and higher values for cardiac output and stroke volume, than band electrodes. The advantages and disadvantages associated with spot and band electrode configurations, as well as their use in ambulatory recording, are discussed. Keywords impedance cardiography; cardiovascular; assessment; psychophysiology; electrode; spot; band Impedance cardiography is a noninvasive measurement technique used to assess important parameters of cardiac functioning such as cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), preejection period (PEP), left ventricular rejection time (LVET), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Several researchers have investigated the validity of impedance cardiography by correlating impedance-derived measures of cardiac functioning with direct and invasive measures of cardiac functioning (e.g., Kubicek, 1995;Sherwood et al., 1990). The validity of impedance cardiography was also evaluated by determining whether impedance-derived measures yield expected patterns of cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors or pharmacological manipulations (e.g., Pranulis, 2000). Taken together, the results of these validity studies indicated that measures of cardiac function using impedance cardiography (1986) reported that the signal-to-noise ratio for spot electrodes was up to 45% greater than the signal-to-noise ratio for band electrodes. Qu et al. speculated that this substantial difference in the signal-to-noise ratio occurred because either spot electrodes produced a larger impedance derivative (dZ/dt) waveform or band electrodes were more susceptible to movement artifacts. Qu et al. suggested that spot electrodes provide enhanced recordings given their larger signal-to-noise ratio and lower sensitivity to movement.Due to concerns regarding participant discomfort with band electrodes and the suggested potential for enhanced recordings using spot electrodes (e.g., Qu et al., 1986), several researcher...

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Bioimpedance

Kerkhof¹,

Heethaar²

1999

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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The sections in this article are Impedance Cardiography Conductance Measurements Applications of Conductance Methods in Various Species Aortic Cross‐Sectional Area Measurement Impedance Pneumography Apnea Monitoring Tissue Characterization: Two‐ and Four‐Electrode Systems Impedance Tomography Impedance Spectroscopy

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Motion Artifact from Spot and Band Electrodes During Impedance Cardiography

Cited by 152 publications

References 6 publications

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

Comparability of Spot Versus Band Electrodes for Impedance Cardiography

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