This special issue is a result of discussions performed during a workshop (with the same name) held in Lublin, February 2014. This meeting served as the seed to invite several experts in the field to present contributions for this Special Topics issue which reflect the present state of the art for research and development of smart materials and their possible applications for energy control and energy harvesting.The emerging technologies of battery-free wireless sensor networks, safetymonitoring devices and self-powered low-power electronics have stimulated studies on energy harvesting to convert mechanical vibration into electrical energy. Such a conversion can be used to harvest vibration energy and makes an autonomous operation possible providing environmental benefits through reduced use, and therefore reduced disposal, of batteries while giving lower maintenance costs and enabling sensors or small devices to work under difficult conditions or in hard-to-reach places. In most cases, ambient vibration energy is collected [1, 2] as opposed to deliberately generated vibrations made for the sake of power transfer. As the type of ambient vibration can vary over time and may include components of low frequencies, possibly distributed over a significant relative bandwidth, it can be ineffective to use linear devices with high quality factor. These devices have their strongest merit when they work at their resonant frequency. Linear configurations with associated piezoelectric, electrostatic or electromagnetic transducers can be optimized by electrical impedance matching or advanced switching electronics [3]. Unfortunately, the frequency range for a linear system tend to be narrow. In the previous special issue we made a review of the smart materials couplings to mechanical systems and disscused possible applications of nonlinear composite materials and structures in engineering and energy harvesting [4].In the meantime there were many attempts to broaden the bandwidth of the oscillations exhibited by a single-mechanical-degree-of-freedom harvester when it is excited. These attempts include designs involving multistable systems with a nonlinear effective stiffness which can be obtained by several means that are not necessarily purely mechanical. Both softening-and hardening spring characteristics of the