Motion adaptation and attention: A critical review and meta-analysis

Abstract

The motion aftereffect (MAE) provides a behavioural probe into the mechanisms underlying motion perception, and has been used to study the effects of attention on motion processing. Visual attention can enhance detection and discrimination of selected visual signals. However, the relationship between attention and motion processing remains contentious: not all studies find that attention increases MAEs. Our meta-analysis reveals several factors that explain superficially discrepant findings. Across studies (37 independent samples, 76 effects) motion adaptation was significantly and substantially enhanced by attention (Cohen's d=1.12, p<.0001). The effect more than doubled when adapting to translating (vs. expanding or rotating) motion. Other factors affecting the attention-MAE relationship included stimulus size, eccentricity and speed. By considering these behavioural analyses alongside neurophysiological work, we conclude that featurebased (rather than spatial, or object-based) attention is the biggest driver of sensory adaptation. Comparisons between naïve and non-naïve observers, different response paradigms, and assessment of 'file-drawer effects' indicate that neither response bias nor publication bias are likely to have significantly inflated the estimated effect of attention.

Control of visual adaptation depends upon task

“…This interpretation agrees with past work showing that changing visual attention can influence the amount of adaptation a given stimulus produces (e.g. [17,18]). Whether attention can affect adaptation, and by how much, remains a topic of some debate [18,19].…”

“…[17,18]). Whether attention can affect adaptation, and by how much, remains a topic of some debate [18,19]. Both sides of this debate assume a similar "standard" model of how attention and adaptation interact: Attention strengthens certain neural responses to the attended stimuli in early visual cortex, and these larger responses in turn produce greater amounts of adaptation.…”

Developing Computer–Based Instructional Media for English Speaking Skill at Senior High School

“…The media was packed in the form of CD and it could be copied directly in computers as well. The initial product development result of this product contained: 1) Eye catcher or attention drawer (Bartlett, Graf, Hedger, &Adams, 2019) in the form of blend of text, font, color, slide show and opening music (Miller, Miller, Turne, &Evans, 2017). 2) Main Menu, in the form usage instructions, material submenu, profile, and, references.…”

Numerosity adaptation partly depends on the allocation of implicit numerosity-contingent visuo-spatial attention

“…Chaudhuri, 1990;Rezec, Krekelberg, & Dobkins, 2004) and against (e.g. Morgan, 2012;Morgan, 2013) a critical role for the attentional mechanisms (for a meta-analysis on motion adaptation and attention see Bartlett, Graf, Hedger, & Adams, 2019). Similarly, studies on adaptation to size showed that the presentation of a demanding central task during adaptation did not affect its magnitude (Tonelli, Pooresmaeili, & Arrighi, 2020) while explicitly moving attention in the direction of the adaptor stimulus was found to even enhance the aftereffect (Kreutzer, Fink, & Weidner, 2015).…”