Moths: Myths and mysteries of stress resistance

Koval, Thomas M.

doi:10.1002/bies.950180211

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Therefore, the kinetic organization of E. kuehniella chromosomes was interpreted to represent an intermediate between monocentricity and complete holocentricity ( Wolf, 1994 ). Finally, the presence of holocentric chromosomes is also consistent with experimental data reporting high resistance to radiation in multiple lepidopteran species ( LaChance and Graham, 1984 ; Koval, 1996 ; Marec et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects

Drinnenberg

deYoung

Henikoff

et al. 2014

eLife

184

212

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Faithful chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes relies on centromeres, the chromosomal sites that recruit kinetochore proteins and mediate spindle attachment during cell division. The centromeric histone H3 variant, CenH3, is the defining chromatin component of centromeres in most eukaryotes, including animals, fungi, plants, and protists. In this study, using detailed genomic and transcriptome analyses, we show that CenH3 was lost independently in at least four lineages of insects. Each of these lineages represents an independent transition from monocentricity (centromeric determinants localized to a single chromosomal region) to holocentricity (centromeric determinants extended over the entire chromosomal length) as ancient as 300 million years ago. Holocentric insects therefore contain a CenH3-independent centromere, different from almost all the other eukaryotes. We propose that ancient transitions to holocentricity in insects obviated the need to maintain CenH3, which is otherwise essential in most eukaryotes, including other holocentrics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03676.001

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects

Drinnenberg

deYoung

Henikoff

et al. 2014

eLife

184

212

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“…In the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera), chromosome fragments were shown to be transmitted through germ cells to the next generation (LaChance & Degrugillier, 1969). Chromosomes of Lepidoptera exhibit several features typical for holokinetic chromosomes, such as the lack of distinct primary constrictions (centromeres), parallel disjunction of sister chromatids at mitotic anaphase, and a high resistance to ionizing radiation (Murakami & Imai, 1974; LaChance & Graham, 1984; Koval, 1996). Their kinetochores, though localized, are large (Wolf, 1996) and thus, one should expect the persistence of chromosome fragments as in typical holokinetic chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiotic pairing of sex chromosome fragments and its relation to atypical transmission of a sex-linked marker in Ephestia kuehniella (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

et al. 2001

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The physical basis of non-Mendelian segregation of a sex-linked marker was studied in sex- chromosome mutant females of eight ASF ('abnormal segregating females') lines in the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. Electron microscopical analysis of microspread synaptonemal complexes revealed that in one line, the Z chromosome segment that contained the dz+ allele was translocated onto an autosome. The resulting quadrivalent visible in early female meiosis was 'corrected' into two bivalents in later stages. This explains autosomal inheritance of the sex chromosome marker in this strain. In the other seven ASF lines, the type of meiotic pairing of an additional fragment (Zdz+) of the Z chromosome was responsible for abnormal segregation of the marker gene. In several of these lines, Zdz+ contained a piece of the W chromosome in addition to the Z segment, as was confirmed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Zdz+ formed three alternative pairing configurations with the original sex chromosomes: (i) a WZZdz+ trivalent, (ii) a WZ bivalent and a Zdz+ univalent or (iii) a ZZdz+ bivalent and a W univalent. In the most frequent WZZdz+ configuration, Zdz+ synapsed with Z and, consequently, segregated with W, simulating W linkage. This explains the predominant occurrence of the parental phenotypes in the progeny. Zdz+ univalents or W univalents, on the other hand, segregated randomly, resulting in both parental and nonparental phenotypes. In two of these lines, the Zdz+ was transmitted only to females. The results suggest that the W chromosome segment in Zdz+ of these lines contains a male-killing factor which makes it incompatible with male development. Our data provide direct evidence for the regular transmission of radiation-induced fragments from lepidopteran chromosomes through more than 50 generations. This is facilitated by the holokinetic nature of lepidopteran chromosomes. We conclude that Zdz+ fragments may persist as long as they possess active kinetochore elements.

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“…The high resistance of Lepidoptera to ionizing radiation is a complex trait, reflecting the joint effects of several intracellular mechanisms and genome characteristics. As previously found, the cultured lepidopteran cells are 50–100 times more resistant to radiation-induced death than cultured mammalian cells, whereas dipteran cells are only 3–9 times more resistant [59,60]. Based on the results of experiments conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms of the radioresistance of the cultured cells, it has been proposed that Lepidoptera may have an inducible cell recovery system and more efficient DNA repair [59].…”

Section: Resistance Of Lepidoptera To Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges of Using the Sterile Insect Technique for the Management of Pest Lepidoptera

Marec

Vreysen

2019

Insects

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Over the past 30 years, the sterile insect technique (SIT) has become a regular component of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs against several major agricultural pests and vectors of severe diseases. The SIT-based programs have been especially successful against dipteran pests. However, the SIT applicability for controlling lepidopteran pests has been challenging, mainly due to their high resistance to the ionizing radiation that is used to induce sterility. Nevertheless, the results of extensive research and currently operating SIT programs show that most problems with the implementation of SIT against pest Lepidoptera have been successfully resolved. Here, we summarize the cytogenetic peculiarities of Lepidoptera that should be considered in the development and application of SIT for a particular pest species. We also discuss the high resistance of Lepidoptera to ionizing radiation, and present the principle of derived technology based on inherited sterility (IS). Furthermore, we present successful SIT/IS applications against five major lepidopteran pests, and summarize the results of research on the quality control of reared and released insects, which is of great importance for their field performance. In the light of new research findings, we also discuss options for the development of genetic sexing strains, which is a challenge to further improve the applicability of SIT/IS against selected lepidopteran pests.

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Moths: Myths and mysteries of stress resistance

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects

Recurrent loss of CenH3 is associated with independent transitions to holocentricity in insects

Meiotic pairing of sex chromosome fragments and its relation to atypical transmission of a sex-linked marker in Ephestia kuehniella (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Advances and Challenges of Using the Sterile Insect Technique for the Management of Pest Lepidoptera

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