“…Therefore, research on both forms of the measure is relevant for the following literature review. The PANAS has been used in studies covering various populations, including both clinical and nonclinical participants, such as mothers of preterm infants, job applicants, polio survivors, medical rehabilitation patients, and athletes (Burger & Caldwell, 2000; Crawford & Henry, 2004; Cuellar & Hill, 2010; Kwon, Kalpakjian, & Roller, 2010; Ostir, Smith, Smith, & Ottenbacher, 2005; Tuccitto et al, 2010). The psychometric properties of the PANAS have been relatively well-researched, and the measure has consistently been identified as a reliable and valid measure of positive and negative affect (Crawford & Henry, 2004; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988).…”