Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: an intervention cohort study

The AIDS Epidemic — A Progress Report from Mexico City

“…In this study and similar settings, the combined risk of HIV infection and death by 18 months of age among children who were breastfed for 3-6 months was similar to that among children who were formula-fed from birth (40). Exclusive breastfeeding has also been shown to carry a lower risk of HIV transmission than mixed feeding (breastfeeding as well as feeding the infant other fluids or foods during the first six months of life) (41). A recent study of an outbreak of infant diarrhoea in Botswana also found significantly higher rates of mortality among non-breastfed infants than among those who were breastfed, regardless of HIV status (42).…”

“…Seven countries have reported results (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) from the surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance in geographical areas where antiretroviral therapy was first used within the country (Table 2.3). All reported less than 5% transmitted resistance to all antiretroviral drugs and drug classes.…”

“…In 2007, WHO conducted the second annual survey on the distribution and composition of first-and second-line antiretroviral therapy regimens used in low-and middleincome countries (46,47 As low-income countries rapidly expand their HIV treatment programmes, they are increasingly faced with the need to make secondAs low-income countries rapidly expand their HIV treatment programmes, they are increasingly faced with the need to make secondline regimens available. In response to requests from national programme managers and regulatory agencies for additional operational line regimens available.…”

Comparison of infant-feeding practices in two health subdistricts with different baby-friendly status in Mpumalanga province

“…This concludes that EBF carries a significantly lower risk of HIV transmission than do all types of mixed breastfeeding. 66,67 The objective of any strategy to prevent MTCT of HIV must be to optimise overall child survival. Determining the risk of morbidity and mortality of breastfeeding versus not breastfeeding is an important consideration, as well as the possible impact the recommendation and/or provision of infant formula or other replacement feeds to HIV infected women may have on the feeding options of uninfected mothers.…”

“…68 Most Strategies to minimise risk of transmission during breastfeeding includes: 66 • EBF during the first 6 months…”