Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in a Cohort of Pregnant Women Diagnosed by Rapid HIV Testing at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico

Viani, Rolando M.; Ruiz-Calderon, Jorge; Lopez, Graciano; Chacón-Cruz, Enrique; Spector, Stephen A.

doi:10.1177/1545109710363920

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Twenty five studies were conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [42]–[66], six in Latin America-Caribbean [41], [67]–[71], nine in Asia [72]–[80], and one in Ukraine [81]. Of the 41 included studies, 17 described PMTCT programs in low-income [46]–[50], [52]–[55], [57]–[59], [61]–[63], [67], [80], 15 in lower-middle income [41], [43]–[45], [56], [64], [65], [70], [72], [74], [76]–[79], [81], and nine in upper-middle income countries [42], [51], [60], [66], [68], [69], [71], [73], [75].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Uptake of Integrated Perinatal Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe objective of this review was to assess the uptake of WHO recommended integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV interventions in low- and middle-income countries.Methods and FindingsWe searched 21 databases for observational studies presenting uptake of integrated PMTCT programs in low- and middle-income countries. Forty-one studies on programs implemented between 1997 and 2006, met inclusion criteria. The proportion of women attending antenatal care who were counseled and who were tested was high; 96% (range 30–100%) and 81% (range 26–100%), respectively. However, the overall median proportion of HIV positive women provided with antiretroviral prophylaxis in antenatal care and attending labor ward was 55% (range 22–99%) and 60% (range 19–100%), respectively. The proportion of women with unknown HIV status, tested for HIV at labor ward was 70%. Overall, 79% (range 44–100%) of infants were tested for HIV and 11% (range 3–18%) of them were HIV positive. We designed two PMTCT cascades using studies with outcomes for all perinatal PMTCT interventions which showed that an estimated 22% of all HIV positive women attending antenatal care and 11% of all HIV positive women delivering at labor ward were not notified about their HIV status and did not participate in PMTCT program. Only 17% of HIV positive antenatal care attendees and their infants are known to have taken antiretroviral prophylaxis.ConclusionThe existing evidence provides information only about the initial PMTCT programs which were based on the old WHO PMTCT guidelines. The uptake of counseling and HIV testing among pregnant women attending antenatal care was high, but their retention in PMTCT programs was low. The majority of women in the included studies did not receive ARV prophylaxis in antenatal care; nor did they attend labor ward. More studies evaluating the uptake in current PMTCT programs are urgently needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most of these studies (n = 28), women were followed from antenatal care until delivery [41]–[51], [53]–[59], [61]–[69], [71], [74]–[77], [79], [81]. In seven studies women were enrolled into the integrated PMTCT programs at labor ward [60], [70]–[73], [75], [78].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uptake of Integrated Perinatal Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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“…In Tijuana, Mexico, Viani and colleagues reported gaps in care for HIV-positive women who did not receive timely prenatal care and clinical intervention to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV, contributing not only to poor health outcomes for the women, but for their children as well [33]. HIV-positive Latina women living in the U.S.-Mexico border region may face additional barriers to optimal ART adherence when life, care giving and/or work responsibilities may include navigating activities in a binational context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Binational Study of Patient-Initiated Changes to Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Among HIV-positive Latinos Living in the Mexico–U.S. Border Region

et al. 2011

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Research is lacking on factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) sub-optimal adherence among U.S. Latinos, who are disproportionately affected by HIV and face substantial health care barriers. We examined self-reported, patient-initiated changes to ART (i.e., made small/major changes from the antiretroviral drugs prescribed) among HIV-positive Latinos. Trained interviewers administered surveys to 230 participants currently on ART in San Diego, U.S. and Tijuana, Mexico. We identified factors independently associated with ART changes. Participants were Spanish-language dominant (86%), mean age of 41 years, male (77%), and born in Mexico (93%). Patient-initiated changes to ART were reported in 43% of participants. Being female, having ≥1 sexual partner (past 3 months), ≥6 years since HIV diagnosis and poor health were associated with increased odds of ART changes. Findings raise concern about sub-optimal adherence among this binational population. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore adherence barriers and avenues for intervention.

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“…Across the following two decades, the administration of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy during pregnancy and at delivery, and to the infant, has successfully produced a marked and sustained reduction in the transmission of HIV to infants to less than 2% in high resource countries [14]. Nevertheless, in more health resource-limited countries, MTCT rates of 23%–35% continue to be reported [15–17]. A caveat to the success in resource rich countries is also notable.…”

Section: Pediatric Hiv/aids Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Proteins, Tat and gp120, Target the Developing Dopamine System

Fitting¹,

Booze

Mactutus³

2015

CHR

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In 2014, 3.2 million children (< 15 years of age) were estimated to be living with HIV and AIDS worldwide, with the 240,000 newly infected children in the past year, i.e., another child infected approximately every two minutes [1]. The primary mode of HIV infection is through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), occurring either in utero, intrapartum, or during breastfeeding. The effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS) are putatively accepted to be mediated, in part, via viral proteins, such as Tat and gp120. The current review focuses on the targets of HIV-1 proteins during the development of the dopamine (DA) system, which appears to be specifically susceptible in HIV-1-infected children. Collectively, the data suggest that the DA system is a clinically relevant target in chronic HIV-1 infection, is one of the major targets in pediatric HIV-1 CNS infection, and may be specifically susceptible during development. The present review discusses the development of the DA system, follows the possible targets of the HIV-1 proteins during the development of the DA system, and suggests potential therapeutic approaches. By coupling our growing understanding of the development of the CNS with the pronounced age-related differences in disease progression, new light may be shed on the neurological and neurocognitive deficits that follow HIV-1 infection.

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Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in a Cohort of Pregnant Women Diagnosed by Rapid HIV Testing at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

The Uptake of Integrated Perinatal Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

The Uptake of Integrated Perinatal Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

A Binational Study of Patient-Initiated Changes to Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Among HIV-positive Latinos Living in the Mexico–U.S. Border Region

HIV-1 Proteins, Tat and gp120, Target the Developing Dopamine System

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