Mother–child interaction: a qualitative investigation of imprisoned mothers

Mothering Through Mental Illness: Exploring the Experiences of Motherhood for Criminally Involved Women on Mental Health Probation

“…Research has specifically noted that criminally involved women separated from their children are actively concerned with the well-being of those children (Gilham, 2012; Shamai & Kochal, 2008). Furthermore, these children also provide important emotional support for mothers in the system (Rahimipour Anaraki & Boostani, 2014). One study conducted by Baker et al (2010) found that greater social support and co-parenting while incarcerated was associated with more positive parenting post-release.…”

Are custodial-based mothers and children's units evaluated, effective and aligned with a human rights-based approach? – a systematic review of the evidence

“…These legal instruments referenced a broad range of subject matter including human rights, alternatives to incarceration, avoiding the separation of mother and child, gender-responsiveness, prenatal and post-partum care, rights of children, and public health (e.g., HIV). The most commonly cited instrument relevant to children in a prison setting were the UNCRC 25 , 46 , 51 , 57 , 62 while for women and children, the most commonly cited instrument was the Bangkok Rules. 39 , 40 , 47 , 57 , 63 Both instruments stress that the individual rights of the child are separate from the rights of their mother and advocate from the perspective of the child.…”

“… Target Policy focus Cited convention, policy, legislation, instrument OECD non-OECD Child Children in corrections facilities 25 , 35 , 40 , 46 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 60 , 61 Bangkok Rules' -The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No 108 of 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa [CRSA], 1996) -Correctional Services Amendment Act No 25 of 2008 (CSA, 2008). -United Nations General Assembly, 1989 (UN) -Zambian Constitution of 2005–section 20 of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 -Finnish legislation 4 5 Best interest principle of the child 46 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 60 , 61 -Standard Guidelines for Corrections in Australia -United Nations Rules for the treatment of women prisoners and offenders (the ‘Bangkok Rules’) -Australia's federal Family Law Act 1975 Correctional Services Act on 1 October 2008 -United Nations' convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC) -Finnish legislation -Child Welfare Act 4 2 Rights of the child 25 , 35 , 46 , 51 , 57 -UNCRC 2 3 Access to health services 35 -National legislation–associated with new international legislation (UN, 2010) -Performance of women's social movements (BRASIL, 2008) …”

“…Article 30 of this Charter deals with children of imprisoned mothers -United Nations (2008) -Guidelines of the National Law 26,472 of Home Prison for Pregnant Women and Mothers. 1 4 Mother and child separation policies 25 , 27 , 57 -UNCRC Article 9 2 1 Policies supporting M&Cs 31 , 46 , 54 -Law No. 11.942/09 -Section 20 of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 of South Africa -HM Prison Service, 2008 1 2 Right to health 31 , 32 , 35 , 39 -Sustainable development goals (SDG 3, 5 and 16), -Nelson Mandela Rules -Bangkok Rules -(A/RES/70/175), -United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (A/RES/65/229).…”

“…Three specific theories were most commonly referenced: attachment theory, 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 fundamental human rights and the best interest principle, 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 40 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 and gender responsive strategies. 25 , 46 , 55 , 57 , 59

Fig. 2 Frequency of references to underpinning theories in included publications.

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