Mother-child dyads at risk: Assessment of maternal and child affect and behavior

Clark, Robert C.; Musick, Judith S.; Stott, Frances; Klehr, Katherine B.; Cohler, Bertram J.

doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(84)80134-4

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Mothers were asked to feed their infants as they normally would at home. The first 10 minutes of these interactions were coded using a collection of global 5-point rating scales developed by Clark et al (Clark, 1999; Clark, Musick, Scott, & Klehr, 1980). These scales have been found to be applicable for coding mother-child interactions for children ranging in age from 2 months to 5 years (Clark, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal tobacco exposure and infant stress reactivity: Role of child sex and maternal behavior

Eiden

Molnar

Colder

et al. 2015

Developmental Psychobiology

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This study examined the association between prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and infant cortisol reactivity at 9 months of infant age. Child sex and maternal parenting behavior were hypothesized moderators. The sample included 217 (148 tobacco-exposed, 69 non-exposed) mother-child dyads. Data used were obtained from pregnancy assessments, mother-infant feeding interactions at 2 months, and salivary cortisol at 4 time points in response to frustration at 9 months. Results indicated a significant association between PTE and infant cortisol that was moderated by infant sex and maternal intrusiveness. That is, PTE boys had lower cortisol than control boys, but there was no association between PTE and cortisol among girls. There was a significant association between PTE and cortisol among infants of intrusive mothers, but not among infants with non-intrusive mothers. Thus, PTE was associated with cortisol hypo-reactivity such that boys and non-exposed infants experiencing high maternal intrusiveness were at greater risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal tobacco exposure and infant stress reactivity: Role of child sex and maternal behavior

Eiden

Molnar

Colder

et al. 2015

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Mothers were asked to interact with their infants as they normally would at home for 10 minutes in a room filled with toys at 7 and 13 months. These interactions were coded using a collection of global 5-point rating scales (Clark, Musick, Scott, & Klehr, 1980), with higher scores indicating more positive affect or behavior. The scale for maternal harshness consisted of items such as angry, hostile tone of voice; expressed harshness; angry, hostile mood; and displeasure or disapproval or criticism.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal substance exposure and child self-regulation: Pathways to risk and protection

Eiden

Godleski

Schuetze

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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A conceptual model of the association between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and child selfregulation via maternal harshness and language development was examined. Specifically, the model tested whether PCE was associated with self-regulation either directly or indirectly via high maternal harshness and poor language development. The role of child sex, autonomic reactivity, and cumulative environmental risk as potential moderators was also explored. The sample was 216 mother-child dyads recruited at birth and assessed at 2, 7, 13, 24, 36, and 48 months of child ages. Participating mothers were primarily African American (72%). Results indicated a significant indirect association between PCE and child effortful control at 36 months via higher maternal harshness. Autonomic reactivity moderated the association between maternal harshness and self-regulation, such that among children with poor autonomic reactivity, high maternal harshness was associated with lower conscience at 3 years. Child sex and environmental risk did not moderate the association between PCE and self-regulation. Thus, the quality of caregiving experience played a significant role in the development of self-regulation among PCE children, especially those at higher autonomic risk. In particular, PCE children who also exhibit poor autonomic reactivity may be particularly susceptible to environmental influences such as parenting. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Prenatal Cocaine and Child RegulationAlthough initial reports of highly impaired "crack babies" have not been borne out by systematic research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), well controlled prospective studies indicate significant effects of cocaine on the arousal/attention regulatory system (Lester & Padbury, 2009). Indeed, this is one of the most consistent findings in the cocaine literature across multiple stages of development ranging from the neonatal period to adolescence including diverse methods such as parent reports, behavioral measures, and autonomic reactivity (e.g., Bendersky & Lewis, 1998;Carmody, Bennett, & Lewis, 2011;Coles, Bard, Platzman, & Lynch, 1999;Karmel & Gardner, 1996;Li et al., 2009; Schuetze & Eiden, 2006;Schuetze, Eiden, & Danielewicz, 2009). Recent brain imaging studies have indicated potential mechanisms explaining these associations such as reduction of amygdala response to emotional stimuli during a task demanding high cognitive load among control children, but not among PCE children (Li et al., 2009) and lower ventral prefrontal cortex activation in respon...

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“…Mothers were asked to interact with their infants as they normally would at home for 5 minutes in a room filled with toys. These interactions were coded using a collection of global 5-point rating scales developed by Clark, Musick, Scott, and Klehr [20], with higher scores indicating more positive affect or behavior. These scales have been found to be applicable for children ranging in age from 2 months to 5 years [19] [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant reactivity and regulation

Eiden¹,

McAuliffe²,

Kachadourian³

et al. 2009

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of prenatal cocaine exposure and associated risk factors on infant reactivity and regulation at 7 months of infant age. Participants consisted of 167 mother-infant dyads participating in an ongoing longitudinal study of prenatal cocaine exposure, who completed the arm-restraint procedure at the 7-month assessment (87 cocaine exposed, 80 noncocaine exposed). We hypothesized that cocaine exposed infants would display higher arousal or reactivity and lower regulation during a procedure designed to arouse anger/frustration. Results indicated that cocaine exposed infants were more reactive to increases in the level of stress from trial 1 to trial 2 but exhibited no change in the number of regulatory strategies as stress increased, unlike the control group infants. Infant birth weight moderated the association between cocaine exposure and infant regulation. Among cocaine exposed infants, those with lower birth weight displayed higher reactivity compared to those with higher birth weight. Contrary to expectations, there were no indirect effects between cocaine exposure and infant reactivity/regulation via environmental risk, parenting, or birth weight. Results are supportive of a teratological model of prenatal cocaine exposure for infant reactivity/regulation in infancy.

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Mother-child dyads at risk: Assessment of maternal and child affect and behavior

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Prenatal tobacco exposure and infant stress reactivity: Role of child sex and maternal behavior

Prenatal tobacco exposure and infant stress reactivity: Role of child sex and maternal behavior

Prenatal substance exposure and child self-regulation: Pathways to risk and protection

Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant reactivity and regulation

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