Most of the patients with cirrhosis in Japan die from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Kato, Yukio; Hamasaki, Koji; Aritomi, Tomoyuki; Nakao, Kazuwa; Nakata, Keisuke; Eguchi, Katsumi

doi:10.3892/or.6.6.1273

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Sixty percent to 80% of patients develop chronic infection which, in 20% of the cases, will progress to cirrhosis and finally to primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [Boyer and Marcellin, 2000;Rehermann and Nascimbeni, 2005]. However, in contrast to hepatitis B virus infection, the progression to HCC appears only in patients with cirrhosis [Kato et al, 1999;El-Serag, 2001]. In Tunisia, the prevalence of HCV infection ranges from 0.4% to 0.7% with the predominance of HCV 1b genotype [Triki et al, 1997;Gorgi et al, 1998;Mejri et al, 2005], which is assumed to resist antiviral treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of interleukin‐18 polymorphisms and plasma level with the outcome of chronic HCV infection

Bouzgarrou

Hassen

Schvoerer

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world, and may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunological factors, especially cytokines and some host genetic variations, rather than direct HCV action, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. Elevated levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) were described previously for chronically (HCV)-infected patients. This study is aimed at investigating IL-18 promoter polymorphisms (-607C/A and -137G/C) in HCV-infected patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and HCC) and establishing an association between these polymorphisms and IL-18 plasma concentration with the outcome of chronic HCV infection. The carriage of at least one C allele at position -607 (CC + CA) was associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and HCC (P = 0.032). Compared with controls, HCV-infected patients had significantly higher levels of IL-18 (P = 0.0001) that correlate with disease severity (P = 0.01, P = 0.001, P = 0.0006, respectively). In conclusion, we supposed a possible implication of IL-18 promoter polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of interleukin‐18 polymorphisms and plasma level with the outcome of chronic HCV infection

Bouzgarrou

Hassen

Schvoerer

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…58 Lastly, most patients with cirrhosis in Japan seem to die from HCC-related complications rather than from other end-stage liver disease-related complications. 81 Additional unknown genetic or environmental factors might explain this exceptionally high tendency to develop HCC in HCV-infected Japanese patients.…”

Section: The Underlying Cause Of the Increase In Hcc In The United Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C in the United States

M.D.

2002

Hepatology

198

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Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In general, HCC develops only after 2 or more decades of HCV infection and the increased risk is restricted largely to patients with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Factors that predispose to HCC among HCV-infected persons include male sex, older age, hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection, heavy alcohol intake, and possibly diabetes and a transfusion-related source of HCV infection. Viral factors play a minor role. The likelihood of development of HCC among HCV-infected persons is difficult to determine because of the paucity of adequate long-term cohort studies; the best estimate is 1% to 3% after 30 years. Once cirrhosis is established, however, HCC develops at an annual rate of 1% to 4%. Successful antiviral therapy of patients with HCV-related cirrhosis may reduce the future risk for HCC. The incidence of and mortality caused by all HCC has doubled in the United States over the past 25 years, an increase that has affected all ethnic groups, both sexes, and younger age groups. Given the current prevalence of HCV infection among persons 30 to 50 years of age, the incidence and mortality rates H epatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects approximately half a million persons each year worldwide making it the fifth most common malignancy in men and the ninth most common in women. HCC is a rapidly fatal cancer that mostly affects persons in developing countries where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic. Recently, however, a trend of increasing rates of HCC has been reported from several developed countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection appears to play an important role in these new trends. Hepatitis C and HCCSeveral lines of evidence indicate a strong causal association between HCV and HCC. HCV RNA can be found in the serum, liver, and tumor tissues of patients with HCC, but unlike HBV it does not integrate into the host genome. 1 Markers of HCV infection are found in a variable proportion of HCC cases in Europe with an increasing gradient from North to South 2 ; for example, 44% to 66% in Italy, 3-5 27% to 58% in France, 6 60% to 75% in Spain, 7 and in 80% to 90% of HCC cases in Japan. 8,9 Moreover, the age-standardized death rates owing to HCC in several European countries are significantly correlated with the seroprevalence of HCV in the general population. 10 The frequency of HCV seropositivity among persons with HCC compiled from a summary of published studies of HCC in the United States is shown in Fig. 1. Of 1,429 patients assumed to have been tested, 384 (27%) were positive for HCV. 11-15 However, a higher but undefined proportion of patients with HCC might have had HCV detected by polymerase chain reaction testing of liver tissue and/or serum, even if antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was not detectable, 16 particularly if first-generation tests were used. On the other hand, 240 of 1,670 (14%) patients with HCC in the United States tested positive for hepatitis ...

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“…In Japan, where HCC is one of the most common causes of death in patients with HCV infection, the incidence has been estimated to be in the range of 5% to 10% yearly. 7 Conversely, prospective studies have suggested that the S16 incidence of HCC associated with HCV infection is only 1% to 3% yearly in a non-Asian population. 31,44 This variation may reflect genetic or environmental differences in these populations.…”

Section: Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as opposed to persons with chronic hepatitis B infection, HCC appears to develop only in HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis. [6][7][8]43 The prevalence of HCC has increased nearly 50% within the US population during the past two decades, and this correlates with the increase in cirrhosis secondary to chronic HCV infection. 44 Several studies have evaluated the risk for developing HCC in patients with cirrhosis secondary to chronic HCV infection.…”

Section: Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In many parts of the world, HCV also is the most significant etiologic factor leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [6][7][8] Nearly 4 million persons in the United States and approximately 100 million persons worldwide have been exposed to HCV. [1][2][3] Significant improvements have been made in the treatment of chronic HCV infection during the past decade.…”

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confidence: 99%

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