Mossy fibre and climbing fibre responses produced in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the cerebral cortex in monkeys

Sasaki, Kenji; Oka, Hiroshi; Kawaguchi, Saburo; Jinnai, Kohnosuke; Yasuda, Takashi

doi:10.1007/bf00236180

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The present results show that in the rat, crus 2 also receives input from the face region of the motor cortex, suggesting a close correspondence between somatosensory and motor cortical inputs to this part of the olivocerebellar system, as has been demonstrated for the olivocerebellar projections to the anterior lobe of the cat cerebellum (Allen et al 1974;Andersson and Nyquist 1983;Provini et al 1968). The present results are also consistent with work done in monkey where it was shown that the lateral motor cortex (face and forelimb region) evoked CS responses in crus 2 (Sasaki et al 1977). …”

Section: Patterns Of Electrotonic Coupling Among Io Neurons Shape Ressupporting

confidence: 93%

GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity

Lang

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

109

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Lang, Eric J. GABAergic and glutamatergic modulation of spontaneous and motor-cortex-evoked complex spike activity. J Neurophysiol 87: 1993Neurophysiol 87: -2008Neurophysiol 87: , 2002 10.1152/jn.00477.2001. Olivocerebellar activity is organized such that synchronous complex spikes occur primarily among Purkinje cells located within the same parasagittally oriented strip of cortex. Previous findings have shown that this synchrony distribution is modulated by the release of GABA and glutamate within the inferior olive, which probably act by controlling the efficacy of the electrotonic coupling between olivary neurons. The relative strengths of these two neurotransmitters in modulating the patterns of synchrony were compared by obtaining multiple electrode recordings of spontaneous crus 2a complex spike activity during intraolivary injection of solutions containing a GABA A (picrotoxin) and/or AMPA [1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide disodium (NBQX)] receptor antagonist. Injection of either antagonist led to increased synchrony between cells located within the same parasagittally oriented Ϸ250-m-wide cortical strip. Picrotoxin also increased complex spike synchrony among cells located in different cortical strips, leading to a less prominent banding pattern, whereas injections of NBQX tended to decrease complex spike synchrony among such cells, enhancing the banding pattern. The relative strength of these two classes of olivary afferents was assessed by first injecting one of the antagonists alone and then in combination with the other. The enhanced banding pattern of complex spike synchrony following injection of NBQX alone remained during the subsequent combined injection of both antagonists. Furthermore, the widespread synchronization of complex spike activity following injection of picrotoxin alone was partially or completely reversed by combined injection of picrotoxin and NBQX. Changes in the climbing fiber reflex induced by the intraolivary injections paralleled the changes observed for spontaneous complex spike activity, indicating that the effects of picrotoxin and NBQX on the synchrony distribution reflect changes in the pattern of effective coupling of inferior olivary neurons and demonstrating that synchronous complex spike activity does not require simultaneous excitatory input to olivary cells. Finally the pattern of synchrony during motor cortical stimulation was examined. It was found that the patterns of synchrony for motor-cortex-evoked complex spike activity were similar to those of spontaneous activity, indicating an important role for electrotonic coupling in determining the response of the olivocerebellar system to afferent input. Moreover, intraolivary injections of picrotoxin increased the spatial distribution of the evoked response. In sum, the results provide evidence for the hypothesis that electrotonic coupling of inferior olivary neurons via gap junctions is the mechanism underlying complex spike synchrony and that this coupling plays an important ...

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Section: Patterns Of Electrotonic Coupling Among Io Neurons Shape Ressupporting

confidence: 93%

GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity

Lang

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

109

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“…Both cell types are known to be contacted by the (mossy fiber) afferents from the pontine nuclei (1, 2, 30, 31). The regions of cerebellar cortex containing labeled neurons correlated well with the sites where evoked potentials have been recorded after stimulation of the arm area of the primary motor cortex (33). These observations are consistent with anterograde transneuronal transport of the H129 strain from first-order neurons to second-and third-order neurons in the corticopontocerebellar pathway (Fig.…”

Section: Hsv-1 (Mcintvre-b)supporting

confidence: 81%

Direction of transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 in the primate motor system is strain-dependent.

Zemanick

Strick

Dix

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

136

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We ex the axonal transport of two strain of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) within the central nervous system ofcebus monkeys. Each strain was inijected into the "arm area" of the primry motor cortex. One strain, HSV-1(McIntyre-B), was transported transneuronaly in the retrograde direction. It infected neurons at sites known to project to the arm area of the primary motor cortex (e.g., ventrolateral thalamus). In addition-, "second-order" neurons were labeled in the deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate and interpositus) and in the globus pallidus (internal s ). This result supports the concept that the arm area of the primary motor cortex is a target of both cerebellar and basal ganglia output. In contrast, the other strain, HSV-1(H129), was transported transneuronally in the anterograde direction. It infected neurons at sites known to receive input from the arm area of the primary motor cortex (e.g., putamen, pontine nuclei). In addition, "third-order" neurons were labeled in the cerebellar cortex (granule and Golgi celis) and in the globus paldus (largely the external segment). Our observations suggest that strain differences have an important impact on the direction of transneuronal transport of HSV-1. Furthermore, it should be possible to examine the organization of cerebeflar and basal ganglia loops with cerebral-cortex by exploiting tusneuronal transport of HSV-1 and virus strain differences.Part .of the neural substrate for the central control of movement in primates is formed by multiple "loops" between the cerebral cortex and two subcortical centers, the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. These circuits are thought to be involved in many aspects of motor behavior, including the programming, initiation, and regulation of limb movement (e.g., refs. 1-4). In recent experiments, we have begun to explore the structure of these loops by using transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). In the course of these studies, we made the surprising observation that the direction of transneuronal transport within these circuits depends on the specific strain of HSV-1 inoculated into the animal. To illustrate this result, in this report we describe some of the patterns of transneuronal-transport of two strains of HSV-1 within the pathways that link the "arm area" of the primary motor cortex with the basal ganglia and cerebellum. MATERIALS AND METHODSEither the H129 strain (5) (1.5 x 1012 plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml, n = 2; 8.0 x 1010 pfu/ml, n = 1) or the McIntyre-B strain (6) (6.1 x 10P pfu/ml, n = 2) ofHSV-1 was injected into the left arm area of the primary motor cortex (7) of cebus monkeys (Cebus apella). Each animal was anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and Nembutal (sodium pentobarbital, 25 mg/kg, i.p.), and 0.05 jul of virus was injected at each of six cortical sites. The surgical procedures used have been described in detail (8,9). The injection sites included both the crest of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. Two to three days after inoculation, anima...

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“…The components closely related to internal models (the blue and red part of the RE) are in the premotor (PM) and the AP regions, where the sustained activity was observed, whereas the components conducting the final computation of the responsibility ("genuine" switch functions; the red part) are in the insula and area 46, where the transient activity was dominant. This model provides one concrete computational mechanism for prefronto-parieto-cerebellar connectivity revealed by electrophysiological studies (Sasaki et al, 1977) and transneuronal-tracer studies (Middleton and Strick, 1994;Clower et al, 2001;Middleton and Strick, 2001; Dum and Strick, Figure 7. Activations related to the behavioral switch (red), rotated mouse (orange), and velocity mouse (blue) in the parietal regions ( A), the PM regions ( B), and the cerebellum ( C) (random effect model; t (9) Ͼ 4.3; p Ͻ 0.001 uncorrected; cluster size, Ͼ50 voxels).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination of Two Modular Architectures for Switching Multiple Internal Models

Imamizu¹,

Kuroda²,

Yoshioka³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

121

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An internal model is a neural mechanism that can mimic the input-output properties of a controlled object such as a tool. Recent research interests have moved on to how multiple internal models are learned and switched under a given context of behavior. Two representative computational models for task switching propose distinct neural mechanisms, thus predicting different brain activity patterns in the switching of internal models. In one model, called the mixture-of-experts architecture, switching is commanded by a single executive called a "gating network," which is different from the internal models. In the other model, called the MOSAIC (MOdular Selection And Identification for Control), the internal models themselves play crucial roles in switching. Consequently, the mixture-of-experts model predicts that neural activities related to switching and internal models can be temporally and spatially segregated, whereas the MOSAIC model predicts that they are closely intermingled. Here, we directly examined the two predictions by analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging activities during the switching of one common tool (an ordinary computer mouse) and two novel tools: a rotated mouse, the cursor of which appears in a rotated position, and a velocity mouse, the cursor velocity of which is proportional to the mouse position. The switching and internal model activities temporally and spatially overlapped each other in the cerebellum and in the parietal cortex, whereas the overlap was very small in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that switching mechanisms in the frontal cortex can be explained by the mixture-of-experts architecture, whereas those in the cerebellum and the parietal cortex are explained by the MOSAIC model.

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Mossy fibre and climbing fibre responses produced in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the cerebral cortex in monkeys

Cited by 67 publications

References 7 publications

GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity

GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity

Direction of transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 in the primate motor system is strain-dependent.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination of Two Modular Architectures for Switching Multiple Internal Models

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