“…The friction films formed at the interface between disc and pad brake couples govern the friction performance of braking systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Several analytical techniques have been used to understand film formation and to investigate structure, composition, and thickness of the friction layers in order to correlate them with their macroscopic tribological behavior.…”
“…The friction films formed at the interface between disc and pad brake couples govern the friction performance of braking systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Several analytical techniques have been used to understand film formation and to investigate structure, composition, and thickness of the friction layers in order to correlate them with their macroscopic tribological behavior.…”
“…35,36 Further from Figure 18, the formation of chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) was observed, which reduces the performance of the friction material by forming iron pyrite on the hot drum surface. 37 Figure 16.EDAX elemental composition of wear fragments after fade III. EDAX: energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Figure 17.EDAX elemental mapping of wear debris collected after fade III.…”
Copper-based sintered friction materials are most suitable for heavy-duty off-road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and military applications. This present study aims to investigate the tribological performance, dominating wear mechanism of an existing copper-tin sintered friction material that is being used in armoured fighting vehicle. The brake pad was tested as per IS 2742 using the chase test machine. Especially fade cycle was carried out till 441℃ to analyze the frictional response of the material. Physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were evaluated as per industrial standards. Morphological analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and wear debris analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominating wear mechanisms were found to be delamination and abrasive wear. The investigated results showed a less wear rate of 0.05 cm3/MJ. However, results seem to be better for high-energy applications by exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
“…It has been suggested in the literature that the physical processes resulting from friction during braking involve a third-body (7) between the pad and the disc, mainly composed of flat plates bearing the load, whose thickness is some micrometers to 10 µm, and of powder layers that make up most of the flows (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Observation of the rubbing surfaces of our pad indicated that a third-body film formed on the pad surface.…”
Section: Worn Surface Studies By Sem and Ftirmentioning
A modified phenolic resin was designed and developed in our laboratory to manufacture friction material with high performance. The potential application of the resin as a binder for hybrid-fibers reinforced brake pads for railroad passenger-coach braking was evaluated on a full-scale test bench according to Standard of China Railway Ministry TB/T 3118-2005 "The brake lining made of composite materials for rolling stock". The test results indicated that the physical and mechanical properties, the braking performance and wear resistance of the brake pad fully met the corresponding requirements; the whole polymer structure survived after the severe braking tests. This result may be due to the metal fibers and/or particles in the friction material that can effectively export frictional heat during the braking process, and the heat stability of the formed tribochemical products. The brake pad with this new binder has achieved practical application for passenger-coach braking in China.
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