Mössbauer spectra of tin in float glass

On the Adherence of Chemically Deposited CdS Films to Common Inorganic Substrates: Effect of Cd2+ Concentration in Solution, Substrate Surface Chemistry, and Reaction Temperature

“…In this way, the experimenter takes advantage of this characteristic that is unintentionally and inevitably produced by the float process for production of flat glass. Shortly after the invention of this industrial float process for flat glass production,, the incorporation of tin in one float glass surface became a subject of extensive study, mainly due to the resulting differences between both surfaces of the float glass. In spite of the extensive studies performed on float glasses, it is expected that the effect of the incorporated tin on the adherence of CdS films had not been well studied, although this does not mean, of course, that such an effect had not been observed by more researchers than the cited in the previous paragraphs.…”

“…According to the latter, the tin atoms at the tin‐bath side surface of the studied float glass are likely to be present with the oxidation state of 4+. This agrees with the XPS results reported by Sieger, Luo & Xu, and Abd Karim, but disagrees with the results obtained with Mössbauer spectroscopy ,,,. Authors who employed the Mössbauer spectroscopy sustained that the main oxidation state of the superficial tin in the float glasses is 2+, and therefore, that tin(II) oxide (SnO) is the main tin species in the surface.…”

Strontium environment transition in tin silicate glasses by neutron and X-ray diffraction

“…In the binary systems, well-defined values for the Si(Ge)-O, Sn-O and O-O separations were obtained [1,3], from which O-Sn-O bond angles could be calculated, which are typically $78°, indicating formation of a trigonal pyramid in which the three oxygens are positioned to one side of the Sn atom, so that the lone-pair of electrons can be accommodated on the opposite side. MS and NMR [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] supported this by showing that Sn(II) is in an approximately axially symmetric site.…”

“…This changes the local properties and has significant consequences for any treatments performed on the float surface. Previous structural studies have been performed: on binary SnO glasses with SiO 2 [1,2], GeO 2 [3], B 2 O 3 [4] and P 2 O 5 [5]; on ternary tin silicate glasses containing alkali metal oxides [6,7]; and on float glass itself [8,9]. These studies used combinations of Mö ssbauer spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and neutron diffraction (ND).…”

119mSn Mössbauer studies on tin compounds

“…Tin in glasses has been found to consist mainly of Sn" in binary materials SiOrSn and in float glass, while Sn IV predominates in remelted specimens of SiOrSnO; the percentage SnII/Sn IV was estimated by the magnitude of 'I' factors calculated from variable temperature 119Sn M6ssbauer spectroscopy [150], the dynamics of tin nuclei being investigated [151]. Further work concerned arsenic-selenium-tin glasses [152], potassium-tin germanate glasses [153] and tin borate glasses [154], information being obtained on the tin valence state (SnII, Sn IV ), the relative percentage and the geometry of tin environments, as a function of sample preparation and treatment.…”